The use of moderate hypothermia during cardiac surgery is associated with repression of tumour necrosis factor-α via inhibition of activating protein-1: an experimental study

Table 2 Intramyocardial DNA binding activity of NF-κB and synthesis of inflammatory mediators before, during, and after CPB in pigs operated on under moderate hypothermia or normothermia

Parameter	Before CPB		Before aortic cross clamping		Before removal of aortic clamp		6 hours after CPB
	28°C	37°C	28°C	37°C	28°C	37°C	28°C	37°C
Activity of NF-κB (count/mm²)	400.8 ± 14.3	439.2 ± 63.3	696.4 ± 25.9	555.1 ± 32.1	643.5 ± 7.45	507.3 ± 9.22	676.3 ± 12.8	611.0 ± 98.7
Phospho-IκB-α	0.18 ± 0.32	0.24 ± 0.45	0.71 ± 1.13	0.70 ± 0.87	0.72 ± 0.96	0.64 ± 0.49	0.85 ± 0.59	0.66 ± 0.43
iNOS	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.47 ± 0.54	0.29 ± 0.55	0.58 ± 0.97	0.48 ± 0.40	0.88 ± 0.58	0.47 ± 0.48
COX-2	0.09 ± 0.1	0.11 ± 0.08	0.16 ± 0.09	0.50 ± 0.18*	0.54 ± 0.06	0.68 ± 0.33	0.25 ± 0.26	0.47 ± 0.13

Results (mean ± standard deviation) are shown as the ratio of protein levels of phospho-IκB-α, iNOS and COX-2 to actin. *P < 0.05 between groups. COX, cyclooxygenase-2; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; phospho-IκB-α, phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB α.

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