Bench-to-bedside review: Early tracheostomy in critically ill trauma patients

Table 4 Studies that discuss indications for tracheostomy in trauma patients

Study design	Indications for tracheostomy	Total number of patients	Number of tracheostomy	(%) of tracheostomy	Reference
Retrospective observational	Head injury with inability to protect airway	49 (20 trauma)	17	34.6	[6]
Retrospective observational	Airway obstruction (laryngotracheal injury)	23	4	17.3	[31]
Retrospective observational	Airway obstruction (laryngotracheal injury penetrating)	57	15	26.3	[33]
Retrospective observational	Airway obstruction (laryngotracheal tree injury)	106	19	17.9	[34]
Retrospective observational	Airway obstruction (penetrating neck injury)	748	142	18.9	[35]
Retrospective observational	Facial trauma (fractures)	1,025	1	0.09	[36]
Retrospective observational	Maxillofacial trauma	399	13	3.2	[37]
Retrospective observational	LeFort facial fractures	117	23	19.6	[38]
Retrospective observational	Maxillofacial injuries	1789	44	2.4	[39]
Retrospective observational	Trauma patients with cervical spine injury on halo fixation	105	17	16.1	[44]
Retrospective observational	Head injury with inability to protect airway	116 (58 trauma)	116	100	[49]
Totals		4534	411	9

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