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Table 3 Summary of literature search results for milrinone

From: Bench-to-bedside review: Inotropic drug therapy after adult cardiac surgery – a systematic literature review

Ref.

n

Year

Study design

Level of evidence

Comparator

Dose

End-points

[60]a

45

2002

Prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial

II

Amrinone/placebo

50 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[75]

20

2002

Observational study

III

-

20 μg/kg

Haemodynamic parameters

[76]

20

2002

Observational study

III

-

50 μg/kg

Middle cerebral artery flow

[2]b,c

120

2001

Multicentre, prospective, randomized trial

I

Dobutamine

50 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[77]b

20

2001

Prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial

II

Control

0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[78]

20

2001

Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Placebo

0.25 μg/kg per min

pHi, inflammatory markers

[64]b

29

2000

Prospective, randomized trial

II

Amrinone, olprinone

50 μg/kg

pHi, hepatic blood flow, oxygenation

[79]c

45

2000

Prospective, randomized trial

II

NO

50 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters; RVEF

[9]

20

2000

Prospective, randomized trial

II

Epinephrine

50 μg/kg

Haemodynamic parameters

[80]

48

2000

Prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Placebo

20 μg/kg then 0.2 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[13]b

20

2000

Prospective, randomized trial

II

Epinephrine

50 μg/kg

IMA flow

[81]

24

1999

Prospective, randomized controlled trial

II

Control

50 μg/kg

Inflammatory markers

[27]b

24

1999

Prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Dopamine, placebo

50 μg/kg then 0.375 μg/kg per min

pHi, SHVO2, endotoxin levels

[82]b

22

1999

Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Placebo

30 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[83]a,c

21

1998

Prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Placebo

50 μg/kg

Haemodynamic parameters

[62]b

44

1998

Prospective, multicentre, randomized trial

II

Amrinone

Two boluses of 25 μg/kg

Haemodynamic parameters

[84]b

37

1997

Prospective, randomized controlled trial

II

Control

50/75 μg/kg then 0.5/0.75 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[85]a,c

32

1997

Prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

II

Placebo

50 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[86]b

24

1996

Observational study

III

-

25–75 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min for 1 hour

Haemodynamic parameters

[87]b

29

1995

Observational study

III

-

25–75 μg/kg

Haemodynamic parameters

[88]a

20

1995

Prospective, blinded, randomized trial

II

-

20 and 40 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[89]b

25

1994

Observational study

III

-

25, 50, 75 μg/kg or 0.5 μg/kg per min

Plasma concentration

[90]b,c

12

1994

Observational study

III

-

50 μg/kg then 0.5 μg/kg per min

Plasma concentration

[91,92]b,c

99

1992

Observational study

III

-

50 μg/kg then 0.375–0.75 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[93]b,c

24

1992

Observational study

III

-

50 μg/kg then 0.375–0.75 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

[94]b,c

35

1991

Observational study

III

-

50 μg/kg then 0.375–0.75 μg/kg per min

Haemodynamic parameters

  1. aWeaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. bPostoperative support. cCardiac index < 2.5 l/min per m2 or preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction < 0.4. IMA, internal mammary artery; NO, nitric oxide; pHi, intramucosal pH; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; SHVO2, hepatic vein oxygen saturation.