Table 3 Literature review
Ref. | Type of study | Number of patients | Reason for admission | Timing of tracheostomy | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[3] | Retrospective | 101 | Blunt multiple trauma | Early tracheostomy ≤4 days Late Tracheostomy >4 days | ↓Duration of MV, ↓incidence of nosocomial pneumonia |
[14] | Retrospective | 31 | Head trauma | Early tracheostomy ≥7 days Late tracheostomy >7 days | ↓Duration of MV, ↓hospital LOS, ↓ICU LOS |
[15] | Retrospective | 118 | Multiple trauma | Early tracheostomy ≤3 days Intermediate tracheostomy 4–7 days Late tracheostomy >7 days | ↓Incidence of pneumonia |
[18] | Retrospective | 157 | Blunt trauma | Early tracheostomy ≤6 days Late tracheostomy >6 days | ↓Duration of MV, ↓ICU LOS, ↓hospital LOS, ↓hospital charges |
[16] | Retrospective | 30 | Neurosurgical (CVA, head injury, trauma, infection) | Early tracheostomy ≤7 days Late tracheostomy >7 days | ↓Duration of MV, ↓incidence of colonization, ↓faster recovery from pneumonia |
[17] | Prospective randomized | 106 | Multiple trauma | Early tracheostomy ≤7 days Late tracheostomy >7 days | ↓Duration of MV, ↓ICU LOS, ↓hospital LOS, ↓pneumonia if tracheostomy was performed earlier than 3 days |
[2]a | Prospective randomized multicentre | 157 eligible patients | Head-trauma, Nonhead trauma, no trauma | First randomization: 3–5 days Second randomization: 10–14 | No difference in ICU LOS, frequency of pneumonia, or death |