From: Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection, and society
Methods | Results for severe sepsis in the ICU | ||||||||||||
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Reference | Year | Region | Design | Case identification | Time frame | Sampling frame | No. of patients screened | No. of cases identified | Age (years; mean) | Sex (% male) | % of ICU ads | Pop. incid. | Hospital mortality (%) |
[22] | 1995 | Italy | Prospective | Consensus criteria | April 1993 – March 1994 | First 3 cases each month in 99 ICUs in northern Italy | 1101 | 128 | NA | NA | 11.6 | NA | 52.2a |
[8] | 1995 | France | Prospective | Consensus criteria | January – February 1993 | All cases in 170 medical ICUs | 11,828 | 742 | 61.4 | 63 | 6.3 | NA | 59 |
[23] | 1995 | USA | Prospective | Consensus criteria | August 1992 – April 1993 | All cases in 3 ICUs and 3 floors in one hospital | 3708b | 467 | 55.1b | 60b | 12.6b | NA | 20b |
[9] | 1997 | USA | Prospective | Consensus criteria | January 1993 – April 1994 | All ICU patients and all floor patients with blood cultures at 8 hospitals | 9763 | 990 | 59b(median) | 56a | 10.1 | NA | 34b(28-day) |
[12] | 2001 | USA | Retrospective | ICD-9-CM codes representing Consensus criteria | 1995 | All cases at all hospitals (n = 936) in 7 US states | 880,473 | 98,613 | 63.8b | 49.6b | 11.2 | 1.53/1000 | 34.1 |
[14] | 2003 | UK | Retrospective | Consensus criteria | December 1995 – February 2000 | All cases on day 1 in 91 ICUs in national registry | 56,673 | 15,362 | 65 (median) | 54.3 | 27.1 | 0.51/1000 | 47.3 |
[24] | 2003 | USA | Retrospective | Consensus criteria | 1998–1999 | All cases on day 1 in 50 ICUs in Project IMPACT | 21,480 | 2434 | 63.6 | NA | 11.3 | NA | 36.3 |
[25] | 2003 | Europe, Canada, Israel | Prospective | Consensus criteria | May 1997 – May 1998 | All cases in 28 ICUs | 14,364 | 2124 | NA | NA | 14.8 | NA | 19.6–49.3 in subgroups |
[13] | 2003 | USA | Retrospective | ICD-9-CM code for septicemia only | 1979–2000 | NHDS, a 1% subset of all US hospital admissions | 750 Mb | 10.3 Mb | 57.4–60.8b (1979–2000) | 49.6–46.8b (1979–2000) | NA | NA | 27.8–17.9b |
[10] | 2004 | France | Prospective | Consensus criteria | 2 weeks in November – December 2001 | All cases in 206 ICUs | 3738 | 546 | 65 (median) | 66.9 | 14.6 | NA | 41.9 at 2 2 months |
[11] | 2004 | Australia/NZ | Prospective | Consensus criteria | May – August 1999 | All cases in 23 ICUs | 5878 | 691 | 60.7 | 56.9 | 11.8 | 0.77/1000 | 37.5 |
[7] | 2004 | Netherlands | Prospective | Consensus criteria | 24 hours in December 2001 | All cases in 47 ICUs | 455 | 134 | 64 | 63 | 11 | 0.54/1000 | NA |
[6] | 2004 | Norway | Retrospective | ICD-10-CM codes representing Consensus criteria | 1999 | All cases in all Norwegian hospitals | NA | 57.9 | NA | NA | 0.47/1000 | 27 | |
[5] | 2004 | Brazil | Prospective | Consensus criteria | 8 months in May 2001 – January 2002 | 5 ICUs | 1383 | 241 | 66.2 median, all septic patients | NA | 17.4 | NA | 46.9 |