Table 1 Peri-operative complications

No complications

128

74.9

100

58.5

<0.01

Minor complications

   Procedure-specific

Bleeding (local pressure)

11

6.4

24

14.0

0.04

Difficult dilation

0

23

13.5

<0.01

Difficult procedure

6

3.5

7

4.1

NS

Subcutaneous emphysema

2

1.2

2

1.2

NS

Cannula insertion difficult

0

3

1.8

NS

Air leakage cuff

0

2

1.2

NS

   Procedure-non-specific

Puncture endotracheal tube

9

5.3

8

4.7

NS

Puncture posterior tracheal wall

4

2.3

2

1.2

NS

Accidental detubation

1

0.6

3

1.8

NS

Hypotension

1

0.6

2

1.2

NS

   Total

34

19.9

75

43.9

<0.01

Major complications

   Procedure-specific

Bleeding (exploration)

6

3.5

4

2.3

NS

2

Bleeding (life-threatening)

1

0.6

1

0.6

NS

Fausse route

2

1.2

1

0.6

NS

1

Oesophageal perforation

1

0.6

0

NS

1

Cannula insertion impossible

3

1.8

0

NS

3

Pneumothorax

0

3

1.8

NS

1

   Total

13

7.6

9

5.3

NS