Table 1 Common animal models of acute lung injury
From: Bench-to-bedside review: Acute respiratory distress syndrome – how neutrophils migrate into the lung
Model | Current knowledge | Reproducibility | Clinical relevance | Concerns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS (iv or ip) | +++ | +++ | +++ | Different LPS strains with variable biologic effects; mimics bacterial effects only in part |
LPS (intratracheal) | +++ | +++ | +++ | Heterogeneous distribution in the lung; might not reach small bronchi or alveoli; might also result in aspiration injury |
LPS (aerosolized) | ++ | ++ | +++ | Effective dosage difficult to control |
Live bacteria (systemic or intratracheal) | +++ | +++ | +++ | Supportive therapy needed (fluid resuscitation; antibiotics) |
Cecal ligation and puncture | ++ | + | +++ | Supportive therapy needed; standardized intervention difficult |
Acid aspiration | +++ | +++ | ++ | Different models of installation the acid (whole lung versus focal); requirement for anesthesia |
Ischemia/reperfusion | + | ++ | ++ | Technically challenging; different models (in vivo, ex vivo, with or without bronchus ligation, with or without mechanical ventilation) |
Others* | + | ++ | + | Not yet systematically studied |