Clinical review: Vascular access for fluid infusion in children

Table 1 Features of the different sites for intravenous access for fluid infusion in children

	IO access	Subclavian vein	Femoral vein	Internal jugular vein	External jugular vein	Axillary vein	Venous cutdown
Emergency access	++++	++	+++	++	+++	+	++
Ease of access for unexperienced clinician	++++	++	+++	++	+++	+	+
Infection	+	++	++	++	+	+	++
Thrombosis	0	+	++	+	+	+	++++
Other complications	+	++	+	+	0	+	0
Long-term use	0	+++	++	++	+	+	0
Short-term use	++++	++	+++	+++	++	+++	++
References	[89–110, 116]	[37–48]	[21–36]	[49–68]	[78–83]	[69–77]	[111–113]

IO, intraosseous; 0, no effect/not suitable/no risk; ++++, excellent effect/very suitable/high risk

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