|
Specific for
|
Measurable
|
Acceptable?1
|
Realistic/time-related?2
|
|---|
|
GFR
|
PAH
|
No
|
No
|
| |
Creatinine
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Creatinine clearance
|
2-hour: yes
|
Yes
|
| | |
24-hour: yes
|
No
|
| |
BUN
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Inulin clearance
|
Yes
|
No
|
| |
Iohexol/iopromide
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Iothalmate
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
I131-MAG
|
Yes
|
No
|
| |
Cr52-EDTA
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Renal blood flow
|
Angiography
|
Yes
|
No
|
| |
Indicator dilution (thermal or PAH)
|
Yes
|
No
|
| |
BOLD MRI
|
Yes
|
No
|
| |
Ultrasound
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Tubular function
|
Urine output
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Input-output balance
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Urinalysis
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
FeNa
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Osmolality
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Creatinine (U/P)
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
| |
Tubular proteins
|
No
|
No
|
- 1The term 'acceptable' refers to the consensus view that each one of these tests represents a marker that reflects the function being measured with sufficient specificity and sensitivity for experimental and clinical use. 2The term 'realistic' refers to consensus of the current feasibility of using such markers in clinical practice. BOLD, blood oxygenation level dependent; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PAH, para-aminohippuric acid; U/P, urine/plasma.
