Universal changes in biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation occur in patients with severe sepsis, regardless of causative micro-organism [ISRCTN74215569]

Table 1 Biomarkers of coagulation, fibrinolysis, endothelial injury, and inflammation in all patients upon entry into the PROWESS trial (n = 1690)

Biomarkers	n	Normal range	Median level (25th–75th percentile)	Abnormal patients (%)
Procoagulant activity
D-dimer (μg/ml)	1550	0–0.39	4.2 (2.2–8.3)	99.7^a
TAT (μg/l)	397	1–4.1	11 (7.4–19.7)	95.5^a
F1.2 (nmol/l)	396	0.44–1.1	1.8 (1.1–2.6)	77.5^a
Anticoagulant activity
Protein C (%)	1574	81–173	48 (31–65)	87.6^b
Protein S (%)	1541	60–155	36 (22–57)	77.8^b
AT (%)	1558	80–120	59 (44–75)	81.7^b
Global coagulation tests
Platelet counts (10⁹/l)	1419	140–400	182 (118–251)	32.7^b
PT (seconds)	1558	10.6–14.5	18.7 (16.5–22.0)	93.4^a
APTT (seconds)	1561	21–39	42.6 (36.3–50.4)	63.1^a
Fibrinolytic activity
PAI-1 (AU/ml)	298	4–37.8	34 (20–64)	44.0^a
TAFI (μg/ml)	319	2.8–9.2	4.6 (3.1–6.5)	17.6^b
α₂-AP (%)	319	80–120	98 (81–115)	51.1^b
Plasminogen (%)	316	64–111	61 (48–75)	57.3^b
Endothelial injury
sTM (ng/ml)	314	18–53	73 (51–117)	72.0^a
Inflammatory marker
IL-6 (pg/ml)	1635	0.38–10.1	492 (144–2574)	98.5^a

^aPercentage of patients with values higher than the upper limit of normal. ^bPercentage of patients with values lower than the lower limit of normal. α₂-AP, α₂-antiplasmin; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AT, antithrombin; F1.2, prothrombin fragment 1.2; IL, interleukin; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; PT, prothrombin time; TAFI, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; sTM, soluble thrombomodulin; TAT, thrombin–antithrombin complex.

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