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Table 3 Clinical studies reporting effects of norepinephrine on splanchnic haemodynamics

From: Clinical review: Influence of vasoactive and other therapies on intestinal and hepatic circulations in patients with septic shock

Reference

n

Drug (μg/kg per min)

Splanchnic blood flow

pHi or PCO2 gap

Comments

[44]

5

Norepinephrine NA versus phenylephrine 3.2

HSBF ↓

PCO2 gap =

Switch from norepinephrine to phenylephrine

[11]

12

Epinephrine 0.7 ± 0.1 versus norepinephrine 1 ± 0.6 versus norepinephrine + dobutamine 1.1 ± 0.6 and 5

LD ↑ in mucosal blood flow with epinephrine and norepinephrine + dobutamine, as compared with norepinephrine alone

NA

Epinephrine, norepinephrine in random order to achieve MAP 70–80 mmHg

[46]

11

Epinephrine 0.3 ± 0.2

LD epinephrine ↑ mucosal

NA

 
 

11

versus norepinephrine + dobutamine 0.9 ± 0.4 and 5

blood flow

  

[45]

8

Epinephrine 0.48 ± 0.33 versus norepinephrine + dobutamine 0.37 ± 0.2 and 13.6 ± 3

HSBF ↓ with epinephrine

pHi ↓

Cross-over study

  1. NA, not avalaible; HSBF, hepatosplanchnic blood flow determined by the indocyanin green (ICG) continuous infusion; LD, laser Doppler; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PCO2 gap, gastric mucosal–arterial gradient of PCO2; pHi, intramucosal pH.