Underfeeding (n = 15) | Appropriate feeding (n = 20) | Overfeeding (n = 19) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurement | Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 1 | Day 7 |
Anthropometric measurements | ||||||
Current weight (kg) | 64.5 ± 11.1 | 62.9 ± 9.0 | 63.1 ± 13.0 | 63.9 ± 12.9 | 52.7 ± 7.9 | 56.6 ± 9.4 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 23.8 ± 4.2 | 24.1 ± 4.6 | 21.1 ± 4.0 | 23.1 ± 5.5 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 11.6 ± 5.8 | 10.3 ± 5.6 | 11.5 ± 5.1 | 12.0 ± 5.9 | 10.8 ± 5.4 | 11.7 ± 7.7 |
Mid-arm circumference (mm) | 282.3 ± 33.4a | 259.5 ± 37.2b | 271.5 ± 38.0 | 273.5 ± 42.0 | 245.9 ± 37.9 | 245.6 ± 34.8 |
Mid-arm muscle circumference (mm) | 245.8 ± 26.1a | 227.2 ± 27.0b | 235.5 ± 30.7 | 235.7 ± 32.6 | 212.0 ± 29.5 | 208.8 ± 30.9 |
Arm muscle area (mm2) | 4861.7 ± 998.9a | 4164.5 ± 968.0b | 4485.8 ± 1167.2 | 4503.2 ± 1250.1 | 3641.7 ± 988.2 | 3541.8 ± 989.9 |
Biochemical measurements | ||||||
Albumin (g/dl) | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.4 |
Prealbumin (mg/dl) | 10.0 ± 2.8 | 10.5 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 6.5 | 11.5 ± 3.8 | 11.7 ± 6.9 | 14.1 ± 6.4 |
Total lymphocyte count (mm3) | 727.3 ± 651.7 | 1094.4 ± 776.9 | 856.3 ± 994.4 | 1319.8 ± 1080.4 | 1064.3 ± 1305.0 | 915.0 ± 478.8 |
Creatinine height index (%) | 76.2 ± 25.9 | 70.7 ± 36.6 | 68.9 ± 24.2 | 57.1 ± 29.0 | 67.2 ± 25.1 | 66.4 ± 23.3 |
Nitrogen balance | -6.7 ± 6.0 | -7.6 ± 7.2 | -2.8 ± 4.5 | 0.04 ± 5.1 | -1.9 ± 5.1 | -1.7 ± 4.3 |