Table 2 Secondary causes of malignant hypertension
From: Clinical review: The management of hypertensive crises
Cause | Example |
|---|---|
Renal parenchymal | Chronic pyelonephritis |
| Â | Primary glomerulonephritis |
| Â | Tubulointerstitial nephritis |
Systemic disorders with renal involvement | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Â | Systemic sclerosis |
| Â | Vasculitides |
Renovascular | Atherosclerotic disease |
| Â | Fibromuscular dysplasia |
| Â | Polyarteritis nodosa |
Endocrine | Pheochromocytoma |
| Â | Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) |
| Â | Cushing's syndrome |
Drugs | Cocaine |
| Â | Amphetamines |
| Â | Ciclosporin |
| Â | Clonidine withdrawal |
| Â | Phencyclidine |
Coarctation of the aorta | Â |
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | Â |