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Figure 3 | Critical Care

Figure 3

From: Science review: Redox and oxygen-sensitive transcription factors in the regulation of oxidant-mediated lung injury: role for nuclear factor-κB

Figure 3

The Rel/NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Various signals, such as inflammatory cytokines, converge on activation of the inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) complex via the upstream NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK). The IKK-α/IKK-β complex (signalsome) then phosphorylates inhibitory-κB (I-κB) at two N-terminal serines, which signals it for ubiquitination (Ub) and phosphorylation (P) by the 26S proteasome system. Freed NF-κB (p50–p65; NF-κB1–Rel A complex) enters the nucleus, binds specific κB moieties and activates gene expression. IRAK, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; RIP, receptor-regulated intramembrane proteolysis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRADD, TNF receptor-associated death domain; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor.

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535