Table 3 Currently recognized ligands for Toll-like receptor 2
From: Bench-to-bedside review: Toll-like receptors and their role in septic shock
Organism | Product |
|---|---|
Gram-negative bacteria | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from various sources; possibly contaminated with peptides (Salmonella, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli). Purified LPS from Leptospira interrogans and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS |
Gram-positive bacteria | Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus-lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, lipopeptides |
Mycobacteria | Heat-killed Mycobacteria tuberculosis, Mycobacteria avium lipopeptides, lipoarabinomannan, mannosylated phosphatidylinositol |
Spirochetes | Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum, Treponema maltophilum (lipopeptides, glycolipids, outer surface protein A) |
Mycoplasma | Mycoplasma fermentans (R-MALP, lipopeptides) |
Yeast | Zymosan |