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Table 2 Currently recognized ligands for Toll-like receptor 4

From: Bench-to-bedside review: Toll-like receptors and their role in septic shock

Microorganism

Microbial product

Gram-negative bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide, lipid A

Gram-positive bacteria

Lipoteichoic acid

Mycobacteria

Live Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Spirochetes

Treponema brennaborense glycolipids

Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus protein F

Other ligands

Heat shock protein 60, Taxol