Neutrophils with myeloid derived suppressor function deplete arginine and constrain T cell function in septic shock patients

Table 1 Characteristics of sepsis patients and hospital controls

	Sepsis with shock	Sepsis no shock	Hospital controls	Sepsis shock versus no shock	All sepsis versus control
Subjects, n	12	12	12
Age, years	52 (45 to 57)	45 (39 to 55)	49 (40 to 56)	ns	ns
Male, n (%)	7 (58%)	6 (50%)	8 (67%)	ns	ns
ATSI, n (%)	10 (83%)	7 (58%)	8 (67%)	ns	ns
APACHE II score, day 0	20 (29 to 23)	8 (4 to 14)		<0.0001	N/A
SOFA score, day 0	10 (4 to 10)	1 (0 to 2)		<0.0001	N/A
Plasma L-arginine, μM	39 (25 to 53)	40 (21 to 48)	74 (65 to 88)	ns	<0.0001
Plasma IL-6, pg/mL	1433 (400 to 4290)	82 (42 to 302)	5 (5 to 5)	<0.0001	<0.0001
Plasma IL-10 (pg/mL), median (range)	65 (5 to 9525)	5 (5 to 72)	5 (5)	0.001	0.004
Plasma VEGF, pg/mL	89 (16 to 115)	79 (62 to 138)	51 (32 to 71)	ns	0.03
Plasma arginase, μmol/mL/hr	0.18 (0.1 to 0.23)*	0.19 (0.12 to 0.26)	0.14 (0.09 to 0.16)	ns	ns
Interphase-neutrophils (%)	19.2 (4.4 to 29.5)	2.7 (1.5 to 6.1)	1.5 (0 to 2.0)	0.02	0.001
Neutrophil × 10³/μL	13.1 (7.2 to 19.4)	14.2 (11.4 to 16.6)	6 (4.0 to 9.6)	ns	0.02
Imm. granulocyte × 10³/μL, median (range)	0.4 (0 to 11.8)	0 (0 to 7.6)	0 (0 to 0)	0.05	N/A
Monocyte × 10³/μL	0.45 (0.1 to 1.2)	0.65 (0.4 to 1)	0.55 (0.5 to 0.7)	ns	ns
Lymphocyte × 10³/μL	1.2 (0.5 to 2.1)	1.2 (0.8 to 1.6)	2.2 (1.5 to 2.4)	ns	ns
Causative organism, n (%)
None cultured	5 (42%)	9 (75%)
Gram-positive bacteria	4 (33%)	2 (17%)
Gram-negative bacteria	3 (25%)	1 (8%)

Values show the median (interquartile range) unless stated otherwise. *n = 11, Interphase neutrophil (%) indicates the proportion of neutrophils in the total interphase layer (gated per Figure 1A). ATSI, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; N/A, not assessed; ns, not significant.

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