Table 1 General characteristics of study patients according to survival status

Age (years)

53 (34 to 69)

68 (52 to 77)

<0.001

Male gender

114 (58)

73 (58)

0.925

Admission SAPS3 (points)

57 (48 to 67)

68 (57 to 79)

<0.001

SOFA score day 1 (points)

8 (5 to 10)

10 (7 to 12)

<0.001

Charlson comorbidity index

  0

106 (53.8)

30 (24)

  1 to 2

59 (29.9)

48 (38.4)

<0.001

   > 2

32 (16.2)

47 (37.6)

Admission source

0.038

  Ward

52 (26.4)

49 (39.2)

  Emergency room

79 (40.1)

46 (36.8)

  Operation room

66 (33.5)

30 (24)

Cause of respiratory failure

  Pneumonia

66 (33.5)

39 (31.2)

0.668

  Nonpulmonary sepsis

30 (15.2)

15 (12)

0.415

  Asthma/COPD

23 (11.7)

7 (5.6)

0.068

  Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

11 (5.6)

9 (7.2)

0.558

  Extracranial trauma

11 (5.6)

12 (9.6)

0.173

  Hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock

10 (5.1)

8 (6.4)

0.614

  Aspirative syndromes

10 (5.1)

3 (2.4)

0.234

  Pulmonary embolism

4 (2)

5 (4)

0.296

  Others

32 (16.2)

27 (21.6)

0.226

Comorbidities

  Hypertension

63 (32)

58 (46.4)

0.008

  Diabetes

30 (15.2)

42 (33.6)

<0.001

  Heart failure

12 (6.1)

14 (11.2)

0.101

  COPD

12 (6.1)

12 (9.6)

0.243

  Chronic renal failure

11 (5.6)

23 (18.4)

<0.001

Respiratory data

  ARDS mild

29 (14.7)

21 (16.8)

0.004

  ARDS moderate/severe

19 (9.6)

30 (24)

  PO₂/FiO₂ ratio

287 (220 to 350)

252 (184 to 328)

0.019

  Tracheostomy

54 (27.4)

36 (28.8)

0.817

  Extubation failure

23 (11.7)

19 (15.2)

0.182

  Length of ventilatory support (days)

5 (3 to 8)

6 (3 to 11)

0.260

ICU support

  Renal replacement therapy

27 (13.7)

42 (33.6)

<0.001

  Vasopressors

140 (71.1)

107 (85.6)

0.003

Outcomes

  ICU length of stay (days)

11 (7 to 19)

11 (5 to 18.5)

0.389

  Hospital length of stay (days)

23 (14 to 36)

14.5 (7.3 to 27)

<0.001

Sedation depth

  Light sedation

136 (69.0)

73 (58.4)

0.051

  Deep sedation

61 (31.0)

52 (41.6)