Characteristics | Patients receiving early adequate treatment within 24 h (n = 84) | Patients not receiving early adequate treatment within 24 h (n = 79) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years, median (IQR) | 56 (36 to 75) | 64.13 (46.25 to 76) | 0.09 |
Male sex, n (%) | 63 (75%) | 57 (72%) | 0.72 |
Admission source, n (%) | |||
Emergency Room | 31 (37%) | 25 (32%) | 0.51 |
Ward | 14 (17%) | 21 (27%) | 0.13 |
Operating Room | 17 (20%) | 11 (14%) | 0.31 |
Step-up | 6 (7%) | 8 (10%) | 0.58 |
Other | 16 (19%) | 14 (18%) | 0.84 |
ICU Type, n (%) | |||
Medical | 28 (33%) | 25 (32%) | 0.87 |
Surgical | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.48 |
Trauma | 2 (2%) | 5 (6%) | 0.27 |
Burns | 9 (11%) | 7 (8.7%) | 0.79 |
Neurosurgical | 36 (43%) | 30 (38%) | 0.63 |
Cardiac | 9 (11%) | 11 (14%) | 0.64 |
ICU level, n (%) | |||
Level 3 | 84 (100%) | 79 (100%) | 1.00 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | 66 (78.6%) | 62 (78.5%) | 1.00 |
Heart disease | 25 (30%) | 16 (20%) | 0.21 |
Peripheral vascular | 9 (10.8%) | 6 (8%) | 0.59 |
Diabetes | 16 (19%) | 17 (21%) | 0.70 |
Renal disease/dialysis | 13 (15.5%) | 10(13%) | 0.66 |
Hypertension | 27 (32%) | 29 (36%) | 0.62 |
COPD/asthma | 12 (14%) | 6 (8%) | 0.22 |
Lung disease | 7 (8.3%) | 11 (14%) | 0.32 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 10 (12%) | 15 (19%) | 0.28 |
Liver disease | 2 (2.4%) | 6 (8%) | 0.16 |
Neurological disease | 14 (16.7%) | 15 (19%) | 0.84 |
Solid organ cancer | 13(15.5%) | 12 (15%) | 1.00 |
Leukemia/lymphoma | 3 (11.1%) | 3 (4%) | 1.00 |
Chemotherapy/radiation | 4 (15.5%) | 8 (10%) | 0.24 |
Surgery | 10 (12%) | 18 (23%) | 0.10 |
Infection | 2(2.4%) | 7 (9%) | 0.09 |
Multi organ dysfunction score, median (IQR) | 4 (2 to 6.2) | 5 (3 to 6.5) | 0.76 |
Organisms, n (%) | |||
Mono-microbial | 59 (70%) | 58 (73.4%) | 0.73 |
Poly-microbial | 25 (30%) | 21 (26.6%) | 0.73 |
Frequent organisms, n (%) | |||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3 (3.6%) | 8 (10%) | 0.12 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 19 (23%) | 17 (21.5%) | 1.00 |
Serratia marcescens | 2 (2.4%) | 3 (4%) | 0.67 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 22 (27%) | 12 (15%) | 0.12 |
Klebsiella pneumonia | 5 (6%) | 9 (11.5%) | 0.27 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 5 (6%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.44 |
Haemophilus influenzae | 10 (12%) | 5 (6.3%) | 0.28 |
Escherichia coli | 8 (9.5%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0.03 |
Enterococcus faecalis | 3 (3.6%) | 5 (6.3%) | 0.49 |
Enterobacter cloacae | 3 (3.6%) | 5 (6.3%) | 0.49 |
Enterobacter aerogenes | 4 (4.8%) | 5 (6.3%) | 0.74 |
Coagualse-negative staphylococci | 7 (8.3%) | 14 (17.7%) | 0.10 |
Citrobacter koseri | 5 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.06 |
Other | 13 (15.5%) | 18 (22.8%) | 0.32 |
Average duration of hospital admission prior to infection, days, median (IQR) | 10 (5–16) Days | 12 (7 to 46.5) | 0.03 |
Previous antibiotic use in the past 90 days before hospital admission, n (%) | 7 (8.4%) | 8 (10%) | 0.79 |
Previous hospital visit in the past 90 days before hospital admission, n (%) | 13 (15.5%) | 13 (16.5%) | 1.00 |