Figure 1From: Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis and renal replacement therapy: a critical reviewPathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. CO, carbon monoxide; EC, extracellular; Fe2+, ferrous iron; Fe3+, ferric iron; Fe4 = O, ferryl iron; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MB, myoglobin; MC, muscle cell; MT, mitochondria; NO, nitric oxide; OH−, hydroxyl anion; O2•–, superoxide radical; OH•, hydroxyl radical, RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; RBF, renal blood flow; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, tubular cell.Back to article page