From: β-lactam antibiotic concentrations during continuous renal replacement therapy
Time from start of antibiotic to sampling, days | Early TDM (n = 35) 2 (1–2] | Late TDM (n = 38) 5 (3–14] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEF (n = 3) | MEM (n = 25) | TZP (n = 7) | CEF (n = 6) | MEM (n = 19) | TZP (n = 13) | |
Volume of distribution, L | 19.4 (15.8 to 23.1) | 33.3 (9.2 to 86.5) | 18.5 (11.5 to 61.3) | 19.2 (11.4 to 32.9) | 28.8 (17.26 to 83.78) | 18.2 (7.94 to 52.80) |
Volume of distribution, L/kg | 0.26 (0.24 to 0.28) | 0.39 (0.11 to 1.20) | 0.24 (0.17 to 0.87) | 0.21 (0.16 to 0.51) | 0.37 (0.23 to 1.18) | 0.22 (0.11 to 0.76) |
t 1/2 , h | 4.3 (1.5 to 9.7) | 3.9 (1.8 to 22.8) | 3.0 (1.5 to 61.3) | 8.0 (6.0 to 35.3)* | 3.6 (1.8 to 10.7) | 4.8 (1.8 to 7.8) |
Drug clearance, mL/h | 52.4 (27.3 to 120.9) | 72.3 (21.4 to 283.0) | 54.0 (47.3 to 185.6) | 23.3 (5.4 to 58.5)* | 98.3 (21.6 to 174.1) | 51.0 (16.1 to 140.83) |
Concentration at T0, mg/L | 28.2 (26.1 to 49.0) | 7.7 (2.0 to 32.2) | 63.2 (15.3 to 115.2) | 64.3 (3.2 to 139.0)* | 6.8 (2.7 to 23.2) | 80.0 (19.5 to 243.0) |
Concentration at T2, mg/L | 74.5 (52.0 to 75.0) | 21.6 (7.8 to 80.2) | 89.5 (55.0 to 211.0) | 93.4 (50.5 to 165.0) | 22.1 (12.9 to 37.0) | 168.4 (49.0 to 395.0) |
Concentration at target, mg/L | 41.6 (34.3 to 58.2) | 18.6 (6.1 to 41.0) | 82.0 (43.0 to 174.8) | 79.3 (9.6 to 202.0)* | 16.1 (9.6 to 30.5) | 140.0 (42.0 to 349.0)* |
T >4 × tMIC, h | 7.2 (6.2 to 14.0) | 7.0 (4.5 to 11.8) | 6.3 (1.0 to 7.7) | 15.5 (6.8 to 55.8) | 7.1 (6.0 to 11.3) | 7.7 (6.1 to 12.4) |
Adequate concentrations | 3 (100%) | 9 (36%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 9 (47.4%) | 3 (23.1%) |
Excessive concentrations | 0 (0%) | 15 (60%) | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (66.7%) | 10 (52.6%) | 9 (69.2%) |
SOFA score | 11 (4 to 14) | 14 (4 to 19) | 12 (5 to 16) | 12 (9 to 13) | 12 (5 to 20) | 13 (9 to 22) |
CRRT blood flow, mL/minute | 140 (130 to 150) | 150 (130 to 200) | 150 (140 to 180) | 140 (100 to 200) | 150 (120 to 300) | 150 (100 to 180) |
Dialysate, mL/h | 0 (0 to 1,500) | 1,500 (0 to 2,000) | 1,500 (0 to 2,000) | 0 (0 to 1,500) | 1,000 (0 to 2,000) | 0 (0 to 2,000) |
Ultrafiltrate, mL/h | 1,000 (1,000 to 1,750) | 2,000 (100 to 2,000) | 1,500 (1,500 to 2,000) | 1,500 (1,000 to 3,000) | 1,500 (100 to 2,000) | 2,000 (1,500 to 2,000) |
CRRT intensity, mL/kg/h | 16.6 (10.5 to 47.7) | 36.14 (8.9 to 57.14) | 31.5 (15.7 to 57.5) | 24.0 (16.6 to 50) | 34.2 (16.6 to 85.1) | 28.6 (21.4 to 61.5) |