Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review

Table 1 Description of included randomised controlled trials

Study	Year	N	Intervention	Control	Mean age^a	Male/ female^a	Primary outcome measure	Secondary outcome measures	VFD^b			Mortality^c
									I	C	P value	I	C	P value
Bein and colleagues [19]	2013	79	iLA	ARDSnet ventilation	49.8 ± 12 (48.7 ± 17)	38/2 (30/9)	Ventilator-free days (28 and 60 days)	Respiratory parameters, haemodynamics, inflammatory response, transfusion requirements, analgesic/sedative requirements, catecholamine requirements, frequency and duration of RRT, organ failure-free days, frequency and duration of adjunctive therapies, complications, ICU and hospital LOS, in-hospital mortality	10 ± 8 (33.2 ± 20)	9.3 ± 9 (29.2 ± 21)	0.779 (0.469)	7/40 (17.5%)	6/39 (15.4%)	0.000
Morris and colleagues [18]	1994	40	PCIRV then LFPPV + VV ECCO₂R	Standardised CPPV	33 ± 3.1 (35 ± 2.3)	8/13 (9/10)	30-day mortality	Respiratory parameters, transfusion requirements, complications, ICU and hospital LOS, economic analysis	NR			14/21 (66.6%)	11/19 (57.9%)	0.56

C, control group; CPPV, conventional positive pressure ventilation; I, intervention group; iLA, interventional lung assist; LFPPV, low-frequency positive-pressure ventilation; LOS, length of stay; NR, not recorded; PCIRV, pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation; RRT, renal replacement therapy; VV ECCO₂R, venovenous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. ^aIntervention (control). ^bVentilator-free days at 28 days (60 days). ^cIn-hospital mortality for Bein and colleagues [19], and 30-day mortality for Morris and colleagues [18].

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