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Table 3 Comparison of survivors and non-survivors

From: Time from admission to initiation of surgery for source control is a critical determinant of survival in patients with gastrointestinal perforation with associated septic shock

 

Bivariate model

Multivariate model

 

Survivors (n = 120)

Non-survivors (n = 34)

P-value

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

• Patient background

      

  Age, years, mean ± SD

64.3 ± 14.4

74.1 ± 8.7

0.0002*

0.95

0.88, 1.00

0.071

  Male:female ratio

68:52

20:14

0.82

   

• Perforation site, number of patients (%)

      

  Small intestine

51 (42.5)

15 (44.1)

0.76

   

  Colon

49 (40.8)

14 (41.2)

   

  Stomach

7 (5.8)

1 (2.9)

   

  Duodenum

5 (4.2)

1 (2.9)

   

  Rectum

6 (5.0)

1 (2.9)

   

Combinations

2 (1.7)

2 (5.9)

   

• Severity on admission, mean ± SD

     

  SOFA score

8.5 ± 3.3

11.5 ± 4.3

<0.0001*

0.80

0.66, 0.95

0.014**

  APACHE-II score

22.8 ± 8.5

28.1 ± 7.9

0.0014*

-

-

-

  MOD score

4.3 ± 2.9

6.5 ± 3.7

0.0004*

-

-

-

  Mean arterial pressure on admission, mm Hg

62.3 ± 29.5

62.2 ± 31.6

0.38

   

  Blood lactate concentration on admission, mmol/L

5.0 ± 3.6

8.1 ± 4.4

<0.0001*

0.88

0.77, 1.01

0.078

  ScvO2 on admission, %

60.8 ± 11.8

52.2 ± 12.1

0.0003*

1.04

0.99, 1.09

0.13

• Extent of peritonitis, number of patients (%)

      

  Abscess

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.95

   

  One quadrant

0 (0)

0 (0)

   

  Two quadrants

7 (5.8)

2 (5.9)

   

  Three quadrants

60 (50.0)

16 (47.1)

   

  Four quadrants

53 (44.2)

16 (47.1)

   

• Fluid resuscitation, mean ± SD

     

  Infusion volume within 2 hours of admission, ml

2915.8 ± 618.5

2657.4 ± 409.0

0.023*

1.00

1.00, 1.00

0.17

  Infusion volume within 6 hours of admission,ml

5153.8 ± 694.0

5024.3 ± 775.2

0.35

   

• Antimicrobial therapy

      

  Patients with inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy, number (%)

23 (19.2)

7 (20.6)

0.85

   

  Time from admission to initiation of antimicrobial therapy, hours#

2.3 ± 0.32

2.3 ± 0.38

0.48

   

• Surgery

      

  Time from admission to initiation of surgery, hours, mean ± SD

2.6 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.6

<0.0001*

0.29

0.16 – 0.47

<0.0001**

  Duration of surgery, hours, mean ± SD

3.4 ± 1.4

3.4 ± 1.4

0.92

   

  Patients needing re-laparotomy##, number (%)

13 (10.8)

5 (14.7)

0.54

   

  Patients needing open abdominal technique, number (%)

1 (0.8)

1 (2.9)

0.33

   
  

*P-value <0.2

   

**P-value <0.05

  1. All variables with P-value <0.2 in the bivariate model were taken forward to the multivariate model (multiple logistic regression analysis). * meant p-value was less than 0.2. The SOFA score was chosen for the multivariate model from among the SOFA, APACHE-II and MOD scores which had multi-colinearity. The SOFA score and time from admission to initiation of surgery were selected as independent factors associated with 60-day survival by multiple logistic regression analysis with a P-value <0.05. ** meant p-value was less than 0.05. SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE-II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; MOD, multiple organ dysfunction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; ScvO2, central venous oxygen saturation. #Initiation of antimicrobial therapy was defined as administration of the first antimicrobial agent to the patient. ##Re-laparotomy includes both planned laparotomy and unplanned laparotomy with the exception of secondary radical operation for gastric cancer.
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535