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Table 1 Main characteristics of the cohort

From: Guideline-concordant administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K is associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe bleeding under vitamin K antagonist treatment (EPAHK study)

Variable

All patients (N = 822)

Alive (N = 712)

Dead (N = 110)

P

Age (yrs)

77 ± 11

77 ± 11

80 ± 9

0.020

  ≤65

129 (16%)

119 (17%)

10 (9%)

0.033

  66 to 75

144 (17%)

131 (18%)

13 (12%)

 

  76 to 85

368 (45%)

310 (44%)

58 (53%)

 

  >85

181 (22%)

152 (21%)

29 (26%)

 

Men

468 (57%)

408 (57%)

60 (55%)

0.587

Women

354 (43%)

304 (43%)

50 (45%)

 

Type of VKA treatment

    

  Fluindione

631 (77%)

535 (75%)

96 (87%)

0.005

  Acenocoumarol

99 (12%)

91 (13%)

8 (7%)

0.098

  Warfarin

85 (10%)

80 (11%)

5 (5%)

0.032

  Missing data

7

6

1

 

Indication for VKA treatment*

    

  Atrial fibrillation

555 (68%)

470 (66%)

85 (78%)

0.013

  Venous thromboembolic disease

156 (19%)

143 (20%)

13 (12%)

0.043

  Prosthetic heart valve

102 (12%)

89 (13%)

13 (12%)

0.850

  Others

79 (10%)

66 (9%)

13 (12%)

0.386

Duration of VKA treatment

    

  <1 year

137 (17%)

124 (18%)

13 (13%)

0.223

  1 to 5 years

236 (30%)

207 (30%)

29 (29%)

0.846

  >5 years

426 (53%)

367 (52%)

59 (58%)

0.272

  Missing data

23

14

9

 

Antiplatelet treatment**

153 (19%)

132 (19%)

21 (19%)

0.895

  Aspirin

125 (15%)

107 (15%)

18 (16%)

0.688

  Clopidogrel

34 (4%)

31 (4%)

3 (3%)

0.694

  Missing data

1

1

0

 

History of severe hemorrhage**

103 (13%)

93 (13%)

10 (10%)

0.331

Missing data

10

3

7

 

Type of hemorrhage

    

  Intracranial

262 (32%)

176 (25%)

86 (78%)

<0.001

  Gastrointestinal

264 (32%)

253 (36%)

11 (10%)

<0.001

  Deep-muscle hematomas

107 (13%)

103 (15%)

4 (4%)

<0.001

  “Other”***

189 (23%)

180 (25%)

9 (8%)

<0.001

  Missing data

0

0

0

 

SAP (mmHg)

135 ± 36

131 ± 33

154 ± 47

<0.001

SAP

    

  Hypertension >140 mmHg

334 (41%)

263 (37%)

71 (66%)

<0.001

  Normotension 90 to 140 mmHg

411 (50%)

386 (54%)

25 (23%)

<0.001

  Hypotension <90 mmHg

74 (9%)

62 (9%)

12 (11%)

<0.001

  Missing data

3

1

2

 

GCS

15 [15]

15 [15]

9 [4-15]

<0.001

GCS

    

  >13

684 (84%)

648 (92%)

36 (33%)

<0.001

  9 to 13

65 (8%)

45 (6%)

20 (19%)

<0.001

  ≤8

64 (8%)

12 (2%)

52 (48%)

<0.001

  Missing data

9

7

2

 

Admission INR

4.7 ± 3.4

4.7 ± 3.5

4.4 ± 2.7

0.236

  Normal (≤1.5)

45 (5%)

40 (6%)

5 (5%)

0.385

  Therapeutic (>1.5 to 4)

394 (48%)

341 (48%)

53 (48%)

 

  Supratherapeutic (>4)

345 (42%)

300 (42%)

45 (41%)

 

  Missing value

38 (5%)

31 (4%)

7 (6%)

 

VKA reversal treatment

    

  No guideline-concordant

    

  Level 0

361 (44%)

299 (42%)

62 (56%)

0.06

  Level 1

103 (13%)

92 (13%)

11 (10%)

 

  Level 2

34 (4%)

32 (5%)

2 (2%)

 

  Guideline-concordant

    

  Level 3

90 (11%)

85 (12%)

5 (5%)

 

  Level 4

217 (26%)

190 (27%)

27 (25%)

 

VKA reversal treatment

    

  Not guideline-concordant (Levels 0 + 1 + 2)

509 (62%)

432 (61%)

77 (70%)

0.06

  Guideline-concordant (Levels 3 + 4)

313 (38%)

280 (39%)

33 (30%)

 
  1. Data are mean ± SD, median [25th to 75th percentiles], or number (percentage). P- values refer to comparison between alive and dead patients at Day 7.
  2. INR, international normalized ratio; SAP, systolic arterial blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
  3. *The sum is higher than 100% because two indications can be established for the same patient.
  4. **Patients with no antiplatelet treatment or no history of severe hemorrhage are deducted from the presented results.
  5. ***“Other” types include hemopericardium (N = 1), hemothorax (N = 15), vascular bound (N = 4), emergency procedures (N = 126) and shock or red blood cells transfusion for epistaxis (N = 55), hematuria (N = 34) or wound of the scalp (N = 4).