| |
Passed extubation
|
Failed extubation
|
P value*
|
|---|
| |
(N = 383)^
|
(N = 51)^
| |
|---|
|
Gender:
| | | |
|
Males, n (%)
|
186 (48.6)
|
29 (56.7)
|
0.27
|
|
Females, n (%)
|
191 (49.9)
|
21 (41.2)
|
0.24
|
|
Age (95% CI)
|
63 (61, 64)
|
65 (58, 69)
|
0.86
|
|
APACHE II score (95% CI)
|
19 (19, 20)
|
20 (18, 23)
|
0.21
|
|
Level of sedationx (95% CI)
|
0 (0, 0)
|
0 (−1, 0)
|
0.78
|
|
ICU admission diagnoses
| | | |
|
Cardiovascular, n (%)
|
112 (25.4)
|
12 (20.0)
|
0.40
|
|
Respiratory, n (%)
|
87 (19.7)
|
18 (30.0)
|
0.05
|
|
Infections, n (%)
|
62 (14.1)
|
10 (16.7)
|
0.54
|
|
Gastrointestinal, n (%)
|
34 (7.7)
|
3 (5.0)
|
-
|
|
Surgery, n (%)
|
33 (7.5)
|
3 (5.0)
|
-
|
|
Head, n (%)
|
36 (8.2)
|
1 (1.7)
|
-
|
|
Renal, n (%)
|
18 (4.1)
|
2 (3.3)
|
-
|
|
Trauma, n (%)
|
8 (1.8)
|
1 (1.7)
|
-
|
|
Overdose, n (%)
|
9 (2.0)
|
1 (1.7)
|
-
|
|
Pancreatitis, n (%)
|
3 (0.7)
|
1 (1.7)
|
-
|
|
Hepatobiliar, n (%)
|
5 (1.1)
|
0 (0.0)
|
-
|
|
Other, n (%)
|
34 (7.7)
|
8 (13.3)
|
0.12
|
|
Comorbidities+:
| | | |
|
None, n (%)
|
237 (61.9)
|
28 (54.9)
|
0.34
|
|
Lung, n (%)
|
90 (23.5)
|
15 (29.4)
|
0.35
|
|
Heart, n (%)
|
81 (21.1)
|
13 (25.5)
|
0.48
|
|
Both, n (%)
|
25 (6.5)
|
5 (9.8)
|
0.39
|
|
Ventilation settings pre-SBT:
| | | |
|
PEEP (95% CI) (cm H2O)
|
10 (8 10)
|
8 (8 10)
|
0.90
|
|
PS (95% CI) (cm H2O)
|
10 (10 10)
|
10 (10 10)
|
0.14
|
|
FiO2, (95% CI)
|
30 (30 30)
|
30 (30 30)
|
0.04
|
|
Ventilation settings during SBT:
| | | |
|
PEEP (95% CI) (cm H2O)
|
5 (5 5)
|
5 (5 5)
|
0.46
|
|
PS (95% CI) (cm H2O)
|
5 (5 5)
|
5 (5 5)
|
0.01
|
|
FiO2, (95% CI)
|
30 (30 30)
|
30 (30 30)
|
0.11
|
|
Perceived risk of failure:
| | | |
|
N/A, n (%)
|
53 (13.8)
|
7 (13.7)
|
0.98
|
|
Low, n (%)
|
117 (30.5)
|
6 (11.7)
|
0.005
|
|
Average, n (%)
|
180 (47.0)
|
26 (51.1)
|
0.59
|
|
High, n (%)
|
33 (8.7)
|
12 (23.5)
|
0.001
|
|
Respiratory rate: [breaths/min]
| | | |
|
Pre-SBT (95% CI)
|
16.0 (16.0, 18.0)
|
18.0 (15.0, 22.0)
|
0.09
|
|
During SBT (95% CI)
|
18.4 (17.9, 19.0)
|
21.7 (18.7, 25.0)
|
0.005
|
|
RSBI: [breaths/min/L]
| | | |
|
Pre-SBT (95% CI)
|
34.1 (31.8, 36.4)
|
40.0 (32.5, 50.0)
|
0.16
|
|
During SBT (95% CI)
|
42.7 (39.3, 45.6)
|
46.6 (40.0, 67.5)
|
0.005
|
- Low, average and high-risk categories were based on clinical impression. ^There is a maximum amount of 2% of missing values in each category, due to clinical data not recorded (for example males and females in the failed population add up to 50, instead of 51); *comparison between passed and failed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare the medians, or chi-square test to compare the proportions (no P value was provided for those variables with less than five samples); xcomputed through Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score; +heart comorbidities are coronary artery bypass graft, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease; lung comorbidities are pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma; ‘None’ corresponds to no lung or heart comorbidities. APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; ICU, intensive care unit; SBT, spontaneous breathing trial; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PS, pressure support; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen.
