Table 1 Baseline characteristics and surgical variables of study patients
Before implementation of bundle | During implementation of bundle | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 401 | n = 1,534 | ||
Preoperative | |||
Mean age in years (SD) | 66.45 (12.0) | 67.36 (30.6) | 0.56 |
Male sex F/M | 162/635 | 239/897 | 0.88 |
Underlying conditions (%) | |||
Myocardial infarction | 59 (14.7) | 173 (10.4) | 0.06 |
Congestive heart failure | 65 (16.2) | 217 (14.1) | 0.26 |
Central nervous system disease | 18 (4.5) | 111 (7.2) | 0.05 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 71 (17.7) | 227 (14.8) | 0.15 |
Renal dysfunction | 17 (3.7) | 47 (2.82) | 0.24 |
Diabetes mellitus | 111 (27.7) | 419 (27.3) | 0.42 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 11 (2.7) | 40 (2.6) | 0.88 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 30 (7.5) | 118 (7.7) | 0.88 |
Euroscore (±SD) | 7.30 (3.33) | 6.86 (3.83) | 0.93 |
Severe pulmonary hypertension (%) | 60 (15.0) | 217 (14.1) | 0.67 |
Type of surgery (%) | |||
Valve replacement | 190 (47.4) | 696 (45.4) | 0.47 |
CABG | 89 (22.2) | 362 ( 23.6) | 0.55 |
Mixed (valve and CABG) | 58 (14.5) | 191 (12.5) | 0.28 |
Aortic surgery | 25 (6.2) | 114 (7.4) | 0.97 |
Operative data | |||
Mean CPBT (min) (SD) | 115.2 (64.0) | 118.1 (67.6) | 0.92 |
Mean aortic cross-clamp time (min) (SD) | 70.5 (35.0) | 76.6 (37.6) | 0.18 |
Intraaortic balloon during the surgery | 49 (12.2) | 164 (10.7) | 0.38 |