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Figure 3 | Critical Care

Figure 3

From: Hypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm atrophy and modulates dysfunction

Figure 3

Cytokine levels in diaphragm homogenates. Mechanical ventilation significantly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (*versus control; P <0.05). Hypercapnia largely abolished ventilator-induced inflammation in the diaphragm after 18 hours of MV (#versus MV; P <0.05 for IL-1beta, KC and TNF-α). MV + H versus CON was not significantly different for all cytokines. MV, mechanically ventilated; MV + H, mechanically ventilated with hypercapnia.

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