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Table 1 Baseline demographics, results of physical examinations and laboratory tests and clinical diagnoses of the 4,698 study participants categorized with respect to population center a

From: Procalcitonin testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in bacterial infection complicated by congestive heart failure: a multicenter analysis of 4,698 cases

Characteristics

Infection only

Heart failure only

Infection complicated by congestive heart failure

Healthy controls

(n = 1,703)

(n = 1,364)

(n = 1,183)

(n = 448)

Physical examination

  Age (mean ± SD)

51.1 ± 10.3

57.9 ± 14.7

58.5 ± 11.4

57.1 ± 18.3

  Males (%)

51.7

48.3

49.4

50.0

  Hypertension (%)

3.9

30.8

11.7

0

  Chest pain (%)

2.4

33.7

18.6

0

  Orthopnea (%)

0

13.9

29.7

0

  Cough (%)

41.6

7.8

23.3

0

  Fever (%)

84.6

0.4

77.1

0

Laboratory tests

  GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD

71.7 ± 14.3

61.4 ± 18.2

64.1 ± 17.7

98.4 ± 5.5

  WBC count (109/L)

17.3 ± 9.7

7.4 ± 2.1

15.7 ± 8.0

7.8 ± 1.3

  CRP (mg/L)

33.7 ± 19.6

11.7 ± 6.8

39.1 ± 18.4

4.7 ± 2.5

  Positive blood culture (%)

39.3

0

22.7

0

  Positive secretion/hydrothorax culture (%)

60.7

0

77.3

0

NT-proBNP, mean ± SD

196 ± 127

8,946 ± 4,969

5,116 ± 3,777

45 ± 11

IL-6, mean ± SD

21.3 ± 15.1

7.3 ± 3.5

19.4 ± 11.9

2.6 ± 0.9

  1. aCRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IL, interleukin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell.