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Table 1 Cardiorenal syndrome classification system

From: Heart–kidney crosstalk and role of humoral signaling in critical illness

Classification

Abbreviation

Characteristic

Acute cardiorenal syndrome

CRS type 1

Abrupt worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury; for example, acute coronary syndrome causing acute heart failure and then renal dysfunction

Chronic cardiorenal syndrome

CRS type 2

Chronic abnormalities in cardiac function causing progressive chronic kidney disease; for example, congestive cardiac failure

Acute renocardiac syndrome

CRS type 3

Sudden worsening of renal function causing acute cardiac dysfunction; for example, uremic cardiomyopathy secondary to acute renal failure

Chronic renocardiac syndrome

CRS type 4

Condition of primary chronic kidney disease leading to an impairment of the cardiac function and/or increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events; for example, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure secondary to renal failure

Secondary cardiorenal syndrome

CRS type 5

Systemic disorders causing both cardiac and renal dysfunction; for example, septic shock, vasculitis

  1. CRS, cardiorenal syndrome.