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Table 6 Differences in intraoperative and postoperative data between AKI subgroups based on RIFLE classification

From: Influence of acute kidney injury on short- and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: risk factors and prognostic value of a modified RIFLE classification

 

AKI patients

RIFLE risk

RIFLE injury

RIFLE failure

P- value

 

(n = 409)

(n = 226; 55.2%)

(n = 87; 21.3%)

(n = 96; 23.5%)

 

Intraoperative data

Isolated CABG

23% (94)

22.1% (50)

26.4% (23)

21.9% (21)

0.87

Isolated valve surgery

51.6% (207)

51.3% (116)

49.4% (43)

50.0% (48)

0.82

CABG + valve surgery

11% (45)

12.8% (29)

4.6% (4)

12.5% (12)

0.32

Other cardiac surgery

15.4% (63)

13.7% (31)

19.5% (17)

15.6% (15)

0.68

Emergent surgery

12.2% (50)

9.3% (21)

7% (8)

22.9% (22)

0.004

Number of bypass

2.29 ± 0.92

2.3 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 1.0

0.21

ACC time (minutes)

87 ± 37

81 ± 32

96 ± 41

92 ± 39

0.004

CPB time (minutes)

135 ± 55

123 ± 44

147 ± 64

151 ± 62

<0.001

Postoperative data

Ventilation time (hours)

139 ± 229

84 ± 176

204 ± 264

209 ± 268

<0.001

PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission

315 ± 106

325 ± 105

320 ± 85

310 ± 115

0.01

PaO2/FiO2 ratio 12 h after admission

278 ± 93

300 ± 85

290 ± 105

270 ± 96

0.003

PaO2/FiO2 ratio 24 h after admission

270 ± 90

295 ± 78

259 ± 91

221 ± 94

<0.001

Reintubation

2.5% (10)

1.8% (4)

3.4% (3)

3.2% (3)

0.08

Tracheostomy

4.7% (19)

4.1% (9)

8.0% (7)

3.2% (3)

0.01

Need of vasoactive drugs (hours)

195 ± 210

137 ± 149

242 ± 207

267 ± 274

<0.001

LCOS

74.1% (303)

62.4% (141)

87.3% (76)

89.5% (86)

<0.001

PMI

23.0% (94)

14.6% (33)

28.7% (25)

37.5% (36)

<0.001

IABP support

18.3% (75)

15.9% (36)

16.0% (14)

26.1% (25)

0.04

Atrial fibrilation

59.9% (245)

52.2% (118)

64.4% (56)

74.0% (71)

<0.001

AL on admission (mmol · L-1)

3.1 ± 2.3

3.1 ± 2.2

2.9 ± 3.3

3.3 ±2.5

0.11

AL 24 h after admission (mmol · L-1)

2.6 ± 1.9

2.2 ±1.3

2.7 ± 1.7

3.3 ± 2.7

<0.001

sCr peak after surgery (mmol · L-1)

205 ± 113

143 ± 52

214 ± 72

342 ± 126

<0.001

Albumin 48 h after surgery (g · L-1)

26.5 ± 4.1

27.0 ± 3.4

26.0 ± 3.5

24.0 ± 5.0

<0.001

Hemorrhage-related re-exploration

9.0% (37)

5.3% (12)

13.8% (12)

13.5% (13)

0.014

Pericardial tamponade

2.7% (11)

2.2% (5)

2.3% (2)

4.2% (4)

0.59

Drainage loss first 12 h (mL)

496 ± 414

448 ± 368

523 ± 498

581 ± 422

0.026

Major bleeding

10.5% (43)

10.1% (23)

10.3% (9)

11.4% (11)

0.65

Re-exploration

5.1% (27)

4.4% (10)

4.6% (4)

13.5% (13)

0.001

Need for blood products (Units)

3.3 ± 4.6

2.6 ± 4.2

4.23 ± 4.9

4.3 ± 4.9

0.001

Stroke

4.4% (18)

3.1% (7)

3.4% (3)

8.3% (8)

0.09

Septicemia

22.7% (93)

13.2% (30)

27.5% (24)

40.6% (39)

<0.001

SAPS II

32.3 ± 12.8

27.7 ± 9.5

34.4 ± 13.0

40.9 ± 14.4

<0.001

SAPS III

48.4 ± 12.3

44.1 ± 9.9

49.2 ± 11.5

56.9 ± 13.2

<0.001

APACHE II

16.1 ± 6.3

13.7 ± 4.3

17.0 ± 6.8

20.9 ± 7.1

<0.001

APACHE III

67.0 ± 24.0

58.4 ± 17.4

69.6 ± 23.4

86.0 ± 27.5

<0.001

Mean Pre-ICU stay (days)

8.7 ± 28.8

6.2 ± 7.8

7.7 ± 9.3

15.7 ± 57.3

0.023

Mean ICU stay (days)

15.2 ± 20.3

12.0 ± 15.8

18.0 ± 22.8

20.3 ± 25.4

0.001

Mean hospital stay (days)

36.1 ± 44.5

31.5 ± 34.2

38.5 ± 32.0

44.6 ± 68.0

0.046

In-hospital mortality

28.6% (117)

10.6% (24)

42.5% (37)

58.3% (56)

<0.001

  1. ACC, Aortic cross clamping; AL, Arterial lactate; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CABG, Coronary artery bypass graft; CPB, Cardiopulmonary bypass; IABP, Intra-aortic balloon pump; LCOS, Low Cardiac Output Syndrome; PaO2/FiO2, Arterial partial pressure of O2 and fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; PMI, Perioperative myocardial infarction; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; sCr, Serum creatinine. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percentage.
  2. Boldface data are statistically significant (P <0.05).