Table 1 Univariate analysis of preoperative data associated with the presence of AKI after cardiac surgery

Sex (male)

64.0% (1,881)

64.4% (1,631)

61.1% (250)

0.20

Sex (female)

36.0% (1,059)

35.6% (900)

38.9% (159)

0.20

Age (years)

64.5 ± 11.6

64.0 ± 11.8

67.7 ± 9.8

<0.001

Hypertension

62.8% (1,846)

62.1% (1,570)

67.5% (276)

0.03

Dyslipidemia

50.5% (1,484)

51.4% (1,301)

44.9% (183)

0.01

Diabetes mellitus

8.2% (241)

7.9% (200)

10% (41)

0.14

BMI (kg · m^-2)

28.1 ± 4.3

28.4 ± 4.3

27.9 ± 4.5

0.90

Peripheral vascular disease

8.9% (263)

7.9% (200)

15.4% (63)

<0.001

sCr before surgery (mmol · L^-1)

95.8 ± 59.8

94.0 ± 60.0

101.0 ± 56.0

0.045

Previous stroke

5.6% (165)

5.2% (131)

8.3% (34)

0.015

COPD

12.0% (354)

11.6% (294)

14.7% (60)

0.08

Active smokers

15.5% (458)

15.8% (402)

13.7% (56)

0.29

Previous Atrial fibrillation

23.9% (703)

22.5% (569)

32.8% (134)

0.045

Previous myocardial infarction

15.4% (454)

16.0% (404)

12.2% (50)

0.055

Recent myocardial infarction

11.1% (325)

11.0% (278)

11.5% (47)

0.73

NYHA class III-IV

15.3% (450)

15.3% (389)

14.9% (61)

0.79

On B-Blockers

41.0% (1,204)

41.8% (1,057)

35.9% (147)

0.026

On statins

41.2% (1,212)

42.6% (1,078)

32.8% (134)

<0.001

On aspirin

44.4% (1,306)

45.7% (1,156)

36.7% (150)

0.001

On diuretics

47.6% (1,398)

46.0% (1,165)

57.0% (233)

<0.001

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

30.9% (910)

31.2% (790)

29.3% (120)

0.35

Dilated cardiomyopathy

20.4% (600)

20.1% (508)

22.5% (92)

0.34

LVEF (%)

60.2 ± 11.9

60.1 ± 11.8

60.3 ± 12.2

0.83

PAP (mmHg)

45.9 ± 15.7

45.3 ± 15.0

48.0 ± 17.0

0.003

Hemoglobin before surgery (g · dL^-1)

12.9 ± 1.7

13.0 ± 1.6

12.4 ± 1.9

<0.001

Platelet count before surgery(1 · nL^-1)

215 ± 68

217 ± 67

206 ± 76

0.005

EuroSCORE

5.9 ± 3.0

5.6 ± 2.7

7.7 ± 3.5

0.015

Parsonnet score

11.5 ± 7.3

10.9 ± 6.8

14.5 ± 9.3

0.001

Past cardiac surgery

9.4% (277)

8.4% (213)

15.6% (64)

<0.001