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Table 1 Descriptive data of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in the full cohort and matched cohort

From: Post-operative acute kidney injury and five-year risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke among elective cardiac surgical patients: a cohort study

  

Full cohort

Matched cohort

 

Totala

AKIa

non-AKIa

AKIa

non-AKIa

Clinical features

n = 1,030

n = 287

n = 743

n = 257

n = 257

Pre-operative characteristics

     

Male gender

750 (72.8)

209 (72.8)

541 (72.8)

190 (73.9)

189 (73.5)

Age (years), mean (IQR)

65.8 (59 to 75)

70.0 (64 to 78)

64.1 (58 to 73)

69.4 (63 to 77)

69.3 (65 to 76)

Smoker

     

Present

487 (47.3)

147 (51.2)

340 (45.8)

130 (50.6)

129 (50.2)

Never

357 (34.7)

88 (30.7)

269 (36.2)

82 (31.9)

83 (32.3)

Previous

186 (18.1)

52 (18.1)

134 (18.0)

45 (17.5)

45 (17.5)

BMI (kg/m2)

     

<25

287 (27.9)

85 (29.6)

202 (27.2)

72 (28.0)

63 (24.5)

25 to 30

425 (41.3)

110 (38.3)

315 (42.4)

103 (40.0)

100 (38.9)

>30

318 (30.9)

92 (32.1)

226 (30.4)

82 (31.9)

94 (36.6)

Previous ischemic peripheral disease

57 (5.5)

19 (6.6)

38 (5.1)

17 (6.6)

13 (5.1)

Previous stroke

104 (10.1)

37 (12.9)

67 (9.0)

32 (12.5)

29 (11.3)

Previous myocardial infarction

256 (24.9)

66 (23.0)

190 (25.6)

63 (24.5)

65 (25.3)

History of arrhythmias

154 (15.0)

60 (20.9)

94 (12.7)

49 (19.1)

51 (19.8)

Diabetes mellitus

166 (16.1)

58 (20.2)

108 (14.5)

50 (19.5)

55 (21.4)

Dyslipidemia

570 (55.3)

156 (54.3)

414 (55.7)

141 (54.9)

147 (57.2)

Hypertension

585 (56.8)

166 (57.8)

419 (56.4)

146 (56.8)

153 (59.5)

Normal <140 and <90b

455 (44.2)

121 (42.2)

324 (43.6)

111 (43.2)

104 (40.5)

Grade I 140 to 159 or 90 to 99b

306 (29.7)

80 (27.9)

226 (31.4)

70 (27.2)

91 (23.7)

Grade II 160 to 179 or 100 to 109b

189 (18.4)

61 (21.3)

128 (17.2)

56 (21.8)

42 (16.3)

Grade III > =180 or > =110b

90 (8.7)

25 (8.7)

65 (8.8)

20 (7.8)

20 (7.8)

Charlson comorbidity index

     

Low (score 0)

396 (38.5)

91 (31.7)

305 (41.5)

86 (33.5)

91 (35.0)

Medium (score 1 to 2)

456 (44.3)

135 (47.0)

321 (43.2)

119 (46.3)

112 (43.6)

High (score >3)

178 (17.3)

61 (21.3)

117 (15.7)

52 (20.2)

54 (21.0)

Baseline creatinine (μmol/L), mean (IQR)

85.0 (68 to 98)

94.2 (73 to 109)

81.4 (66 to 92)

90.9 (72 to 107)

91.3 (73 to 105)

euroSCORE, mean (IQR)c

5.2 (3 to 7)

6.4 (4 to 8)

4.7 (3 to 7)

6.1 (4 to 8)

6.1 (4 to 8)

Low risk (score 0 to 2)

199 (19.3)

30 (10.5)

169 (22.8)

30 (11.7)

28 (10.9)

Medium risk (score >2 to 5)

369 (35.8)

82 (28.6)

287 (38.6)

78 (30.4)

81 (31.5)

High risk (score >5)

462 (44.9)

175 (70.0)

287 (38.6)

149 (58.0)

148 (57.6)

Surgical procedure characteristics

     

Type of surgery

     

Valved

313 (30.4)

84 (29.3)

229 (30.8)

77 (30.0)

78 (30.4)

CABG

372 (36.1)

85 (29.6)

287 (38.6)

80 (31.1)

71 (27.6)

Valve and CABG

158 (15.3)

59 (20.6)

99 (13.3)

51 (19.8)

54 (17.1)

Othere

187 (18.2)

59 (20.6)

128 (17.2)

49 (19.1)

54 (17.1)

Extra corporal circulation

910 (88.4)

255 (88.9)

655 (88.2)

227 (88.3)

223 (86.8)

  1. aValues are expressed as counts (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
  2. bMeasured in mmHg.
  3. cEuroSCORE: A risk score for the operative mortality.
  4. dValve: Aorta, mitral, tricuspidal.
  5. eOther: Pulmonary valve surgery, coarctatio, subvalvular membrane, ventricular aneurysme, ventricular septum defect, atrial septum defect, pulmonary thromboendatrerectomi, thoracic aorta.
  6. AKI, Acute Kidney Injury; BMI, Body Mass Index; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; IQR, Interquartile Range.