From: Noninvasive ventilation and the upper airway: should we pay more attention?
Receptors | Â | Location | Stimulus | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
C-fiber | Pulmonary | Between alveolar epithelium and pulmonary capillary | Large mechanical deformations, chemical stimuli and temperature increases | Inhibitory effects as apnea, hypotension and bradycardia |
 | Bronchial | In the walls of conducting airway |  |  |
Rapidly adapting | Â | In epithelium close to bronchial venules | Very sensitive to mechanical stimuli and slow response to chemical stimuli | Irritant receptors cause cough and expiration reflexes |
Pulmonary stretch |  | In close association with airway smooth muscle | Mechanical changes, stretch of airway wall | Terminate inspiration and extend expiration (Hering–Breuer reflex). |