Author (year) Country | Number of centers | Number of patients | Prospective/retrospective | Concurrent control | Comparable baseline |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schentag (1984) USA [23] | 1 | 32 | Prospective | N (historical) | NR |
Lorente (2006) Spain [24] | 1 | 89 | Retrospective | Y (physician discretion) | Y |
Itabashi (2007) Japan [33] | 1 | 42 | Prospective | Y (physician discretion) | Y |
Lodise (2007) USA [25] | 1 | 194 | Retrospective | N (historical) | Y |
Lorente (2007) Spain [26] | 1 | 121 | Retrospective | Y (physician discretion) | Y |
Lorente (2009) Spain [31] | 1 | 83 | Retrospective | Y (physician discretion) | Y |
Nicasio (2010) USA [27] | 1 (3 separate ICUs) | 168 | Prospective | N (historical) | Y (except fewer intervention patients with liver disease) |
Dow (2011) USA [30] | 1 | 121 | Retrospective | N (historical) | Y |
Yost (2011) USA [28] | 14 | 359 | Retrospective | Y (physician discretion) | N (higher use of concomitant aminoglycosides, pseudomonas infections, and rates of positive cultures from respiratory and other sources in control patients) |
Akers (2012) USA [34] | 1 | 171 | Retrospective | Y (physician discretion) | Y (except control group received ~10% lower average dose) |
Lee (2012) USA [35] | 2 | 148 | Retrospective | N (historical) | Y (except control group more COPD patients, more concomitant use of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and longer (~1 d) duration and higher (~13%) cumulative dose of therapy) |
Arnold (2013) USA [36] | 1 | 503 | Prospective | N (historical) | Y (except control group more COPD patients, more endotracheal (versus bronchoalveolar lavage) cultures, less Hemophilus influenzae, and more use of meropenem) |
Hsaiky (2013) USA [37] | 1 | 86 a | Retrospective | N (historical) | Y (except control group had lower proportion of patients with positive blood cultures) |