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Table 3 Quality assessment of included cohort studies

From: Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients by using continuous/extended infusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author (year) Country

Number of centers

Number of patients

Prospective/retrospective

Concurrent control

Comparable baseline

Schentag (1984) USA [23]

1

32

Prospective

N (historical)

NR

Lorente (2006) Spain [24]

1

89

Retrospective

Y (physician discretion)

Y

Itabashi (2007) Japan [33]

1

42

Prospective

Y (physician discretion)

Y

Lodise (2007) USA [25]

1

194

Retrospective

N (historical)

Y

Lorente (2007) Spain [26]

1

121

Retrospective

Y (physician discretion)

Y

Lorente (2009) Spain [31]

1

83

Retrospective

Y (physician discretion)

Y

Nicasio (2010) USA [27]

1 (3 separate ICUs)

168

Prospective

N (historical)

Y (except fewer intervention patients with liver disease)

Dow (2011) USA [30]

1

121

Retrospective

N (historical)

Y

Yost (2011) USA [28]

14

359

Retrospective

Y (physician discretion)

N (higher use of concomitant aminoglycosides, pseudomonas infections, and rates of positive cultures from respiratory and other sources in control patients)

Akers (2012) USA [34]

1

171

Retrospective

Y (physician discretion)

Y (except control group received ~10% lower average dose)

Lee (2012) USA [35]

2

148

Retrospective

N (historical)

Y (except control group more COPD patients, more concomitant use of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and longer (~1 d) duration and higher (~13%) cumulative dose of therapy)

Arnold (2013) USA [36]

1

503

Prospective

N (historical)

Y (except control group more COPD patients, more endotracheal (versus bronchoalveolar lavage) cultures, less Hemophilus influenzae, and more use of meropenem)

Hsaiky (2013) USA [37]

1

86 a

Retrospective

N (historical)

Y (except control group had lower proportion of patients with positive blood cultures)

  1. aData from 86 critically ill patients of 200 enrolled hospitalized patients reported separately.
  2. Y, Yes; N, No; NR, not reported; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.