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Table 1 Patient characteristics a

From: Association between systemic hemodynamics and septic acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study

Characteristics

All patients (N = 137)

AKI − (N = 68)

AKI + (N = 69)

P value

Age (years)

71.1 (56.3 to 79.8)

68.5 (49.8 to 77.5)

73.4 (60.3 to 80.7)

0.044

Males

60 (45)

35 (41.5)

42 (60.9)

0.38

Comorbidities

    

   COPD

12 (9)

9 (13)

3 (4)

0.06

   Diabetes mellitus

20 (15)

7 (10)

13 (19)

0.16

   Hypertension

59 (43)

23 (34)

36 (52)

0.03

   Heart failure

19 (14)

7 (10)

12 (17)

0.23

   CAD

16 (12)

6 (9)

10 (14)

0.3

   Liver disease

10 (7)

4 (6)

6 (9)

0.53

   Cancer

39 (28)

19 (30)

20 (29)

0.89

Medication before admission

    

   NSAIDs

7 (5)

3 (4)

4 (6)

0.71

   Diuretics

28 (20)

11 (16)

17 (25)

0.22

   Statins

24 (17)

9 (13)

15 (22)

0.19

   Steroids

9 (7)

3 (4)

6 (9)

0.32

   β-blockers

29 (2)

12 (18)

17 (25)

0.32

   Antiplatelet therapy

27 (20)

13 (19)

14 (10)

0.86

Organ failure

    

   Mechanical ventilation

118 (86)

55 (81)

63 (91)

0.08

   SAPS II

50 (39 to 60)

45 (33 to 52)

57 (46 to 67)

<0.0001

   Norepinephrine

131 (96)

65 (95)

66 (95)

0.82

   Epinephrine

17 (12)

4 (6)

13 (19)

0.02

   Dobutamine

4 (3)

3 (4)

1 (1)

0.3

   Dose of norepinephrineb

0.44 (0.20 to 0.73)

0.31 (0.16 to 0.54)

0.56 (0.30 to 0.95)

0.0005

   Dose of epinephrineb

0.31 (0.14 to 0.40)

0.23 (0.15 to 0.32)

0.31 (0.12 to 42)

0.70

   Dose of dobutamineb

5 (5 to 5)

5 (5 to 5)

5 (5 to 5)

1

   Hydrocortisone

19 (14)

2 (10.5)

17 (25.4)

0.17

   Lactate (mmol/L)

2.8 (1.9 to 4.8)

2.7 (1.8 to 3.9)

3 (2.1 to 6.2)

0.06

   Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

141.5 (83 to 215.8)

88 (68 to 143.2)

185 (134 to 255)

<0.0001

   Bilirubin (mg/ml)

16 (9 to 27.8)

14 (8 to 21.8)

16 (11 to 33)

0.04

   Platelet count (g/ml)

65 (30.8 to 98.2)

63 (28.8 to 89.2)

67 (31 to 102)

0.45

   Hemoglobin (g/dl)

10.3 (9.4 to 12)

10.3 (9.9 to 12)

10.4 (9.3 to 12.1)

0.39

   Base deficit (mmol/L)

−7.7 (−11.3 to −3.4)

−5 (−8.9 to −2.3)

−8.8 (−13 to −5.8)

0.0006

   Fluid balance (ml)

3,480 (1,945 to 5,351)

2,905 (1,350 to 4,717.5)

3,591.5 (2,597.5 to 5,714)

0.008

   Origin of sepsis

    

   Abdomen

78 (57)

37 (54)

41 (59)

0.55

   Lung

28 (20)

16 (23)

12 (17)

0.37

   Urinary tract

9 (7)

3 (4)

6 (9)

0.31

   Soft tissue

8 (6)

5 (7)

3 (4)

0.45

   Other

20 (15)

11 (16)

9 (13)

0.6

Nephrotoxic agents

    

   Contrast media

82 (61)

41 (60)

41 (60)

0.21

   Vancomycin

53 (39)

29 (43)

24 (35)

0.31

   Aminoglycosides

9 (7)

5 (7)

4 (6)

0.71

   Colloids

108 (79)

47 (69)

61 (88)

0.005

  1. aAKI−, no or transient acute kidney injury; AKI+, new or persistent acute kidney injury; CAD, Coronary artery disease; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSAID, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. bData are micrograms per kilogram per minute among patients receiving the drug. The data in the table are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%).