Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to 1-month neurological outcomes
Characteristic | CPC 1 to 2 (n = 1,957) | CPC 3 to 5 (n = 396,164) | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|
Year | |||
2007 | 428 (21.9) | 90,384 (22.8) | 0.391 |
2008 | 508 (26.0) | 99,106 (25.0) | |
2009 | 475 (24.3) | 100,188 (25.3) | |
2010 | 546 (27.9) | 106,486 (26.9) | |
Age, years (median 77, IQR 65 to 85) | 64.4 ± 16.3 | 73.7 ± 16.2 | <0.0001 |
< 65 | 938 (47.9) | 93,391 (23.6) | <0.0001 |
65 to 85 | 861 (44.0) | 207,776 (52.4) | |
> 85 | 158 (8.1) | 94,997 (24.0) | |
Male | 1,374 (70.2) | 228,183 (57.6) | <0.0001 |
Arrest witnessed by any layperson | 1,430 (73.1) | 144,630 (36.5) | <0.0001 |
Arrest witnessed by EMS personnel | 398 (20.3) | 18,203 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
Bystander CPR | 924 (47.2) | 175,320 (44.3) | 0.009 |
Presumed cardiac cause | 1,431 (73.1) | 221,490 (55.9) | <0.0001 |
Initial cardiac rhythm | |||
Ventricular fibrillation | 922 (47.1) | 22,574 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia | 24 (1.2) | 703 (0.2) | |
Pulseless electrical activity | 573 (29.3) | 83,435 (21.1) | |
Asystole | 438 (22.4) | 289,452 (73.1) | |
Prehospital actual shock delivery | 938 (47.9) | 35,182 (8.9) | <0.0001 |
Use of advanced airway management | 502 (25.7) | 127,497 (32.2) | <0.0001 |
Epinephrine administration | 168 (8.6) | 30,049 (7.6) | 0.10 |
Physician-staffed ambulance | 96 (4.9) | 8,318 (2.1) | <0.0001 |
Call-to-response time, minutes (median 7, IQR 5 to 9) | 6.4 ± 3.2 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 |
< 5 | 468 (23.9) | 64,159 (16.2) | <0.0001 |
5 to 9 | 1,290 (65.9) | 252,493 (63.8) | |
> 9 | 199 (10.2) | 79,512 (20.1) | |
Call-to-hospital arrival time, minutes (median 30, IQR 24 to 37) | 28.1 ± 12.8 | 31.8 ± 11.6 | <0.0001 |
< 24 | 774 (39.5) | 88,648 (22.4) | <0.0001 |
24 to 37 | 917 (46.9) | 219,827 (55.5) | |
> 37 | 266 (13.6) | 87,689 (22.1) |