|
Variables at admission
| | | | |
|
Male, n (%)
|
633 (66.2)
|
190 (73.4)
|
443 (63.6)
|
0.004
|
|
Age, years (median [IQR])
|
62 [46; 76]
|
72 [58; 80]
|
58 [42; 73]
|
<0.0001
|
|
Scores, median [IQR]
| | | | |
|
SAPSII
|
43.5 [31; 59]
|
60 [43; 74]
|
39 [27; 53]
|
<0.0001
|
|
SOFA score
|
6 [4; 9]
|
9 [6; 12]
|
5 [3; 8]
|
<0.0001
|
|
LOD score
|
5 [2; 7]
|
7 [4; 10]
|
4 [2; 6]
|
<0.0001
|
|
Coma Glasgow Scale
|
13 [5; 15]
|
7 [3; 15]
|
14 [7; 15]
|
<0.0001
|
|
McCabe, n (%)
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
1
|
684 (71.7)
|
140 (54.1)
|
544 (78.3)
| |
|
2
|
235 (24.6)
|
98 (37.8)
|
137 (19.7)
| |
|
3
|
35 (3.7)
|
21 (8.1)
|
14 (2.0)
| |
|
CURB-65, n (%)
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
0
|
13 (1.4)
|
0 (0)
|
13 (1.9)
| |
|
1
|
62 (6.5)
|
4(1.6)
|
58 (8.3)
| |
|
2
|
176 (18.4)
|
22 (8.5)
|
154 (22.1)
| |
|
3
|
292 (30.6)
|
65 (25.2)
|
227 (32.6)
| |
|
4
|
252 (26.4)
|
90 (34.9)
|
162 (23.2)
| |
|
5
|
160 (16.8)
|
77 (29.8)
|
83 (11.9)
| |
|
Co-morbidities (Knaus definitions), n (%)
|
|
Chronic hepatic failure
|
43 (4.5)
|
22 (8.5)
|
21 (3.0)
|
0.0003
|
|
Chronic heart failure
|
107 (11.2)
|
38 (14.7)
|
69 (9.9)
|
0.04
|
|
Chronic respiratory failure
|
167 (17.5)
|
55 (21.2)
|
112 (16.1)
|
0.06
|
|
Chronic renal failure
|
19 (2.0)
|
7 (2.7)
|
12 (1.7)
|
0.33
|
|
Diabetes
|
123 (12.9)
|
40 (15.4)
|
83 (11.9)
|
0.15
|
|
≥ One co-morbidity
|
352 (36.8)
|
124 (47.9)
|
228 (32.7)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Smokers ( >20 pack-year), n (%)
|
243 (30.6)
|
57 (26.6)
|
186 (32.1)
|
0.14
|
|
Alcohol ( >80 g/day), n (%)
|
189 (23.8)
|
44 (20.6)
|
145 (25.0)
|
0.19
|
|
Sepsis, n (%)
|
928 (97.1)
|
252(97.3)
|
676 (97.0)
|
0.80
|
|
Severe sepsis, n (%)
|
828 (86.6)
|
235 (90.7)
|
593 (85.1)
|
0.02
|
|
Septic shock, n (%)
|
325 (34.0)
|
132 (51.0)
|
193 (27.7)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Treatments, n (%) unless otherwise stated
|
|
Invasive ventilation
|
604 (63.3)
|
207 (79.9)
|
397 (57.0)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Noninvasive ventilation
|
107 (11.2)
|
25 (9.7)
|
82 (11.8)
|
0.36
|
|
Inotropes or vasoactive agents
|
422 (44.1)
|
167 (64.5)
|
255 (36.6)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Corticosteroids
|
182 (19.0)
|
66 (25.5)
|
116 (16.6)
|
0.002
|
|
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration
|
63 (6.6)
|
33 (12.7)
|
30 (4.3)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Antibiotic therapy duration in days (median [IQR])
|
7 [4; 13]
|
8 [3; 15]
|
7 [4; 13]
|
0.69
|
|
Organisms, n (%)
| | | | |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
202 (21.1)
|
52 (20.1)
|
150 (21.5)
|
0.63
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
104 (10.9)
|
31(12.0)
|
73 (10.5)
|
0.51
|
|
Streptococcus spp.
|
36 (3.8)
|
12 (4.6)
|
24 (3.4)
|
0.39
|
|
Enterocococcus spp.
|
3 (0.3)
|
0
|
3 (0.4)
|
0.29
|
|
Hemophilus influenzae
|
97 (10.1)
|
25 (9.7)
|
72 (10.3)
|
0.76
|
|
Escherichia coli
|
34 (3.6)
|
16 (6.2)
|
18 (2.6)
|
0.008
|
|
Enterobacter spp.
|
13 (1.4)
|
6 (2.3)
|
7 (1.0)
|
0.12
|
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
28 (2.9)
|
13 (5.0)
|
15 (2.2)
|
0.02
|
|
Serratia marescens
|
4 (0.4)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (0.6)
|
0.22
|
|
Proteus mirabilis
|
9 (0.9)
|
5 (1.9)
|
4 (0.6)
|
0.05
|
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
29 (3.0)
|
16 (6.2)
|
13 (1.9)
|
0.0005
|
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
25 (2.6)
|
4 (1.5)
|
21 (3.0)
|
0.21
|
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
1 (0.1)
|
0 (0)
|
1 (0.1)
|
0.54
|
|
Chlamydia pneumoniae
|
2 (0.2)
|
1 (0.4)
|
1 (0.1)
|
0.47
|
|
Aspergillus fugimatus
|
3 (0.3)
|
2 (0.8)
|
1 (0.1)
|
0.12
|
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
14 (1.5)
|
3 (1.2)
|
11 (1.6)
|
0.63
|
|
Viruses
|
24 (2.5)
|
3 (1.2)
|
21 (3.0)
|
0.10
|
|
Other
|
14 (1.5)
|
4 (1.5)
|
10 (1.4)
|
0.90
|
|
Multiple organisms
|
92 (9.6)
|
29 (11.2)
|
63 (9.0)
|
0.31
|
|
None identified
|
418 (43.7)
|
99 (38.2)
|
319 (45.8)
|
0.04
|
|
Bacteremia
|
121 (12.7)
|
45 (17.4)
|
76 (10.9)
|
0.008
|
|
Acquisition of MDR pathogen or nosocomial pneumonia, n (%)
|
|
MDR bacteria
|
105 (11.0)
|
34 (13.1)
|
71(10.2)
|
0.19
|
|
MRSA
|
25 (2.6)
|
9 (3.5)
|
16 (2.3)
|
0.31
|
|
Enterobacteriaceae ESBL
|
38 (4.0)
|
15 (5.8)
|
23 (3.3)
|
0.08
|
|
Nonfermentative GNB
|
56 (5.9)
|
16 (6.2)
|
40 (5.7)
|
0.80
|
|
Clostridium difficile
|
9 (0.9)
|
2 (0.8)
|
7 (1.0)
|
0.74
|
|
Nosocomial pneumonia
|
127 (13.3)
|
48 (18.5)
|
79 (11.3)
|
0.004
|
|
ICU stay in days, median [IQR]
|
7 [3; 15]
|
8 [3; 17]
|
6 [3; 14]
|
0.45
|
|
Hospital stay in days, median [IQR]
|
16 [8; 31]
|
10 [4; 22]
|
18 [10; 38]
|
<0.0001
|
