Table 3 Causes and time of death after PDT
From: Death after percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: a systematic review and analysis of risk factors
Cause of death | Total number | Time of death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intra-procedural | Post-procedural | |||||
Total number | 71 | 22 | (31.0%) | 49 | (69.0%) | |
Hemorrhage | 27 | (38.0%) | 3 | (11.1%) | 24 | (88.9%) |
- innominate artery | 11 | (40.7%) | 11 | (100.0%) | ||
- aortic arch | 2 | (7.4%) | 2 | (100.0%) | ||
- subclavian artery | 1 | (3.7%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||
- thyroid artery | 1 | (3.7%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||
- other artery | 1 | (3.7%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||
- venous | 5 | (18.5%) | 1 | (20.0%) | 4 | (80.0%) |
- diffuse/unknown | 6 | (22.2%) | 6 | (100.0%) | ||
Airway complications | 21 | (29.6%) | 7 | (33.3%) | 14 | (66.7%) |
- dislocation of the tracheal cannula | 11 | (52.4%) | 1 | (9.1%) | 10 | (90.9%) |
- lost airway during the procedure | 4 | (19.0%) | 3 | (75.0%) | 1 | (25.0%) |
- paratracheal misplacement of the tracheal cannula | 3 | (14.3%) | 3 | (100.0%) | ||
- obstruction of tracheal cannula | 2 | (9.5%) | 2 | (100.0%) | ||
- hypoxemia during cannula replacement | 1 | (4.8%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||
Tracheal perforation | 11 | (15.5%) | 1 | (9.1%) | 10 | (90.9%) |
Pneumothorax | 4 | (5.6%) | 4 | (100.0%) | ||
Bronchospasm | 3 | (4.2%) | 3 | (100.0%) | ||
Cardiac arrest/arrhythmia | 3 | (4.2%) | 3 | (100.0%) | ||
Sepsis | 1 | (1.4%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||
Unknown | 1 | (1.4%) | 1 | (100.0%) | ||