Risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome among adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Holodinsky, Jessalyn K; Roberts, Derek J; Ball, Chad G; Blaser, Annika Reintam; Starkopf, Joel; Zygun, David A; Stelfox, Henry Thomas; Malbrain, Manu L; Jaeschke, Roman C; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W

doi:10.1186/cc13075

Critical Care

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in systematic review

From: Risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome among adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study, Year	Patients (n)	Design	ICU type	Patient population	Mechanically ventilated, (%)	Reports risk factors for	Illness severity^a
Balogh et al., 2003 [16]	188	Prospective cohort	Trauma	Trauma patients in shock	Not reported	ACS	ISS: 1° ACS^b 29 (3)
							2° ACS^b: 28 (2)
							Normal IAP: 27 (1)
Balogh et al., 2011 [17]	81	Prospective cohort	General	Trauma patients in shock	Not reported	IAH	ISS: 29 (1)
Dalfino et al., 2008 [9]	123	Prospective cohort	General	Mixed	Not reported	IAH	IAH, median (IQR): 24 (20–28)
Dalfino et al., 2008 [9]	123	Prospective cohort	General	Mixed	Not reported	IAH	Normal IAP, median (IQR): 21.5 (18–26)
De Keuleaner et al., 2011 [18]	149	Prospective cohort	General	Mixed mechanically ventilated	100	IAH and ACS	22 (10)
Davis et al., 2013 [22]	45	Retrospective cohort	General	Severe acute pancreatitis	62	ACS	20.3 (6.4)
Ke et al., 2012 [10]	58	Prospective cohort	Surgical	Severe acute pancreatitis	21	IAH	9 (range 8–11)
Kim et al., 2012 [19]	100	Prospective cohort	General	Mixed	81	IAH	19.4 (8.4)
Madigan et al., 2008 [20]	96	Case–control	Trauma	Extremity injury AIS score >3	66	ACS	ISS: ACS 25.6 (9.06)
Madigan et al., 2008 [20]	96	Case–control	Trauma	Extremity injury AIS score >3	66	ACS	Normal IAP: 21.4 (11.02)
Malbrain et al., 2004 [1]	97	Cross-sectional	General	Mixed	Not reported	IAH	SOFA: 6.5 (4)
Malbrain et al., 2005 [24]	265	Prospective cohort	General and specialized	Mixed	Not reported	IAH	17.4 (8.3)
McNelis et al., 2002 [21]	44	Case–control	Surgical	Surgical	100	ACS	ACS: 20.3 (6.5)
McNelis et al., 2002 [21]	44	Case–control	Surgical	Surgical	100	ACS	Non-ACS: 11.0 (3.2)
Neal et al., 2012 [23]	452	Prospective cohort	General	Blunt trauma	Not reported	ACS	ISS, median (IQR): 34 (25–43)
Reintam Blaser et al., 2011 [15]	563	Prospective cohort	General	Mixed mechanically ventilated	100	IAH	15.2 (7.4)
Vidal et al., 2008 [2]	83	Prospective cohort	Medical/surgical	Mixed	Not reported	IAH	19 (8)

^aAPACHE II mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated; ^bprimary ACS was defined as ACS associated with injury or disease in the abdominopelvic region, secondary ACS was defined as ACS not originating from the abdominopelvic region [14]. ACS, abdominal compartment syndrome; ISS, injury severity score; IAP, intra-abdominal pressure; IAH, intra-abdominal hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, s equential organ failure assessment; AIS, abbreviated injury scale.

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