Table 1 Patients’ characteristics
All patients (n = 202) | No post-operative AKI (n = 82) | Post-operative AKI (n = 120) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, median (IQR) | 42 (28 to 59) | 50 (37 to 66) | 36 (27 to 51) | <0.001 |
Gender, male, n (%) | 134 (66.3) | 49 (59.8) | 85 (70.8) | 0.14 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
COPD | 9 (4.4) | 2 (2.4) | 7 (5.8) | 0.42 |
Diabetes mellitus | 22 (10.9) | 7 (8.5) | 15 (12.5) | 0.63 |
Hypertension | 60 (29.7) | 22 (26.8) | 38 (31.7) | 0.56 |
Heart failure | 13 (6.4) | 3 (3.7) | 10 (8.3) | 0.30 |
CAD | 11 (5.4) | 3 (3.7) | 8 (6.7) | 0.54 |
Autoimmune disease | 8 (4.0) | 4 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 0.85 |
Liver disease | 17 (8.4) | 5 (6.1) | 12 (10.0) | 0.47 |
Cancer | 17 (8.4) | 6 (7.3) | 11 (9.2) | 0.84 |
Pre-operative condition | ||||
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 16 (7.9) | 2 (2.4) | 14 (11.7) | 0.03 |
Cathecolamine use, n (%) | 18 (8.9) | 4 (4.9) | 14 (11.7) | 0.16 |
Norepinephrine, (%) | 9 (4.4) | 1 (1.2) | 8 (6.7) | 0.13 |
Epinephrine, n (%) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.5) | 0.39 |
Dobutamine, n (%) | 9 (4.4) | 4 (4.9) | 5 (4.2) | 1 |
% LVEF, median (IQR) | 65 (60 to 70) | 65 (60 to 70) | 65 (58 to 70) | 0.10 |
Baseline serum creatinine, μmol/l, median (IQR) | 83 (75 to 100) | 78 (62 to 86) | 90 (80 to 100) | <0.001 |
Pre-operative serum creatinine, μmol/l, median (IQR) | 100 (76 to 132) | 77 (62 to 100) | 116 (91 to 157) | <0.001 |
Bilirubin, mg/ml, median (IQR) | 13 (10 to 20) | 12 (9 to 15) | 14 (11 to 22) | 0.02 |
Platelet count, G/l, median (IQR) | 249 (187 to 319) | 261 (205 to 324) | 244 (173 to 307) | 0.06 |
CRP, median (IQR) | 51 (11 to 87) | 46 (17 to 106) | 67 (30 to 159) | 0.10 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl, median (IQR) | 10.8 (9.5 to 11.9) | 11 .3 (10.3 to 12.3) | 10.3 (9.1 to 11.4) | <0.001 |
Pre-operative nephrotoxic agents, n (%) | ||||
Contrast agent | 94 (46.5) | 36 (43.9) | 58 (48.3) | 0.63 |
Vancomycin | 36 (17.8) | 6 (7.3) | 30 (25.0) | 0.002 |
Aminoglycoside | 119 (58.9) | 45 (54.9) | 74 (61.7) | 0.41 |
Surgery | ||||
Emergency surgery, n (%) | 27 (13.4) | 9 (11.0) | 18 (15.0) | 0.54 |
CPB duration, minutes, median (IQR) | 118 (85 to 163) | 100 (76 to 142) | 118 (95 to 1800 | 0.004 |
Aortic clamping duration, minutes, median (IQR) | 89 (65 to 121) | 76 (59 to 100) | 90 (74 to 132) | 0.002 |
Circulatory arrest, n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 2 (2.4) | 3 (2.5) | 1 |