From: Variability in protocols on donation after circulatory death in Europe
Country | Criteria for determination of death and diagnostic procedures | Death determined by | No-touch time (minutes) | Preservation method |
---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Asystole, not specified | Treating physician with jus practicandi | 10 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation |
Belgium | Cardiorespiratory criteria, according to most recent standarda | Three independent physicians | 5 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation |
Czech Republicb | Not described | Independent physician, not involved in donation | 10 | DBTL catheter |
France | Cardiorespiratory criteria, unconsciousness, absence of brainstem reflexes. ECG | Independent physician, not involved in donation | 5 | nECMO, DBTL catheter |
Italy | Asystole, isoelectric ECG to confirm | Treating physician | 20 | nECMO |
Latviab | Not described | Intensivist | 15 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation, DBTL catheter |
The Netherlands | Cardiocirculatory arrest, not specified | Treating physician | 5 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation, DBTL catheter |
United Kingdoma | Cardiocirculatory arrest, unconsciousness. Intra-arterial pressure monitoring, ECG during 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, absence of brainstem reflexes confirmed | Treating physician | 5 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation, DBTL catheter |
Spain | Asystole, apnea, no response to stimuli. ECG to confirm | Treating physician | 5 | ECMO, nECMO, DBTL catheter |
Switzerland | Lege artis, referred to specific guidelines, TTE to confirm asystole | Two independent physicians | 10 | Laparotomy with direct cannulation |