Table 2 Characteristics of decedents in high-intensity daytime staffed ICUs a
Characteristic | ICUs with nighttime intensivists (n= 863) | ICUs without nighttime intensivists (n= 2,690) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71 (58 to 80) | 68 (56 to 79) | 0.001 |
Female sex | 393 (45.5) | 1229 (45.7) | 0.94 |
Race | <0.001 | ||
White | 719 (83.3) | 2009 (74.7) | |
Black | 29 (3.4) | 301 (11.2) | |
Other | 113 (13.1) | 70 (2.6) | |
Data missing | 2 (0.2) | 310 (11.5) | |
Admission source | <0.001 | ||
Emergency department | 331 (38.4) | 1145 (42.6) | |
Operating room | 77 (8.9) | 418 (15.5) | |
Medical or surgical ward | 221 (25.6) | 769 (28.6) | |
Transfer | 223 (25.8) | 286 (10.6) | |
Other | 11 (1.3) | 72 (2.7) | |
Reason for ICU admission | <0.001 | ||
Surgery | 64 (7.4) | 333 (12.4) | |
Cardiac disorder | 102 (11.8) | 233 (8.7) | |
Respiratory disorder | 199 (23.1) | 411 (15.3) | |
General medical disorder | 49 (5.7) | 145 (5.4) | |
Sepsis | 92 (10.7) | 511 (19.0) | |
Trauma | 23 (2.7) | 187 (7.0) | |
Neurosurgery | 11 (1.3) | 44 (1.6) | |
Cardiac arrest | 122 (14.1) | 291 (10.8) | |
Other | 201 (23.3) | 535 (19.9) | |
Acute physiology score | 63 (45 to 85) | 71 (51 to 97) | <0.001 |
Active treatment on day of ICU admissionb | 749 (86.8) | 2397 (89.1) | 0.06 |
Mechanical ventilation on day of ICU admission | 643 (74.5) | 2028 (75.4) | 0.60 |
Emergency surgery | 29 (3.4) | 183 (6.8) | <0.001 |
Length of hospital stay before ICU admission (days) | 0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.5) | <0.001 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 2.7 (1.1 to 6.0) | 3.0 (1.3 to 6.8) | <0.001 |
Length of time from ICU admission to death (days) | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.3 | 4.1 (1.5 to 9.7) | <0.001 |
Deaths at nightc | 309 (35.8) | 1130 (42.0) | 0.001 |