Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis

Table 6 Predictors of hospital mortality by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Variable^a	Univariable OR (95% CI)	P value	Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	P value
Demographics
Age, per year	1.02 (1.02-1.03)	<0.001	1.03 (1.02-1.04)	<0.001
Source of admission
Hospital floor versus ED	1.90 (1.46-2.48)	<0.001	1.34 (0.97-1.85)	0.80
Other ICU versus ED	1.38 (1.05-1.81)	0.02	1.24 (0.64-2.38)	0.53
Time of ICU admission
Per day from hospitalization	1.06 (1.03-1.09)	<0.001	1.06 (1.03-1.09)	<0.001
Comorbid conditions
Chronic kidney disease	1.51 (1.06-2.15)	0.02	1.29 (0.80-2.08)	0.29
Hematological malignancy	2.03 (1.01-4.09)	0.048	1.40 (0.55-3.57)	0.48
Site of infection
Lungs	0.98 (0.75-1.27)	0.85	2.04 (1.00-4.16)	0.049
Bones and joints	5.94 (1.25-28.09)	0.03	7.31 (1.05-50.77)	0.04
Infective endocarditis	1.90 (0.70-5.13)	0.21	5.43 (1.41-20.87)	0.01
Primary bacteremia	4.46 (1.20-16.56)	0.03	8.31 (1.55-44.49)	0.01
Microbiology and antimicrobials
Culture-positive	1.40 (1.08-1.82)	0.01	0.88 (0.59-1.31)	0.52
Inappropriate antibiotics	1.42 (1.17-1.71)	<0.001	0.86 (0.52-1.42)	0.56
Severity scores
APS, per point	1.07 (1.05-1.09)	0.001	1.06 (1.03-1.09)	<0.001
Organ failure^c
Renal	1.36 (1.00-1.84)	0.049	0.99 (0.64-1.55)	0.98
Respiratory	1.31 (1.02-1.70)	0.04	0.98 (0.70-1.36)	0.90
Cardiovascular	1.71 (1.32-2.21)	<0.001	0.91 (0.57-1.44)	0.68
Central nervous system	2.17 (1.67-2.82)	<0.001	1.15 (0.80-1.65)	0.45
Coagulation	3.02 (1.95-4.68)	<0.001	2.59 (1.51-4.46)	0.001
Hepatic	4.27 (2.28-7.98)	<0.001	6.30 (2.98-13.30)	<0.001
Treatment on day 1 in the ICU
Vasoactive agents	2.07 (1.56-2.76)	<0.001	1.42 (0.88-2.30)	0.15
Mechanical ventilation	3.17 (2.23-4.52)	<0.001	1.91 (1.21-3.02)	0.005

^aOnly variables that were significantly associated with hospital mortality on univariable or multivariable analyses are shown; ^bHosmer-Lemeshow test for goodness of fit for multivariable logistic regression model: χ² = 7.208, degrees of freedom = 8, P = 0.51; ^corgan failure defined as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score >2 for the specified organ. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; APS, Acute Physiology Score, used in place of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.

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