Table 1 Characteristics of metformin users and non-users (overall and after propensity score-matching)
From: Preadmission metformin use and mortality among intensive care patients with diabetes: a cohort study
Full cohort of all ICU patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 7,404) | Propensity score-matched cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Metformin users | All Metformin users (n = 2,408), n (%) | Non-users (n = 4,996), n (%) | Metformin users (n = 2,192), n (%) | Non-users (n = 2,192), n (%) | ||
Metformin monotherapy users (n = 1,073), n (%) | Metformin combination therapy users (n = 1,335), n (%) | |||||
Age group, years | ||||||
15 to 39 | 23 (2.1) | 21 (1.6) | 44 (1.8) | 141 (2.8) | 43 (2.0) | 42 (1.9) |
40 to 59 | 184 (17.1) | 241 (18.1) | 425 (17.7) | 854 (17.1) | 389 (17.8) | 352 (16.1) |
60 to 79 | 731 (68.1) | 939 (70.3) | 1,670 (69.4) | 2,965 (59.3) | 1,491 (68.0) | 1,505 (68.7) |
80+ | 135 (12.6) | 134 (10.0) | 269 (11.2) | 1,036 (20.7) | 269 (12.3) | 293 (13.4) |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 420 (39.1) | 499 (37.4) | 919 (38.2) | 2,085 (41.7) | 867 (39.6) | 835 (38.1) |
Male | 653 (60.9) | 836 (62.6) | 1,489 (61.8) | 2,911 (58.3) | 1,325 (60.5) | 1,357 (61.9) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 593 (55.3) | 749 (56.1) | 1,342 (55.7) | 2,418 (48.4) | 1,183 (54.0) | 1,173 (53.5) |
Never married | 112 (10.4) | 157 (11.8) | 269 (11.2) | 573 (11.5) | 246 (11.2) | 243 (11.1) |
Divorced | 154 (14.4) | 179 (13.4) | 333 (13.8) | 769 (15.4) | 311 (14.2) | 286 (13.1) |
Widowed | 214 (19.9) | 247 (18.5) | 461 (19.1) | 1,223 (24.5) | 449 (20.5) | 487 (22.2) |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 13 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) |
Preadmission diseases | ||||||
Myocardial infarction | 77 (7.2) | 134 (10.0) | 211 (8.8) | 552 (11.1) | 210 (9.6) | 206 (9.4) |
Heart failure | 91 (8.5) | 142 (10.6) | 233 (9.7) | 760 (15.2) | 228 (10.4) | 250 (11.4) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 87 (8.1) | 144 (10.8) | 231 (9.6) | 679 (13.6) | 230 (10.5) | 218 (10.0) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 117 (10.9) | 129 (9.7) | 246 (10.2) | 748 (15.0) | 241 (11.0) | 235 (10.7) |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 29 (2.7) | 71 (5.3) | 100 (4.2) | 667 (13.4) | 100 (4.6) | 96 (4.4) |
Liver disease | 22 (2.1) | 18 (1.4) | 40 (1.7) | 211 (4.2) | 40 (1.8) | 43 (2.0) |
Moderate to severe renal disease | 18 (1.7) | 38 (2.9) | 56 (2.3) | 517 (10.4) | 56 (2.6) | 52 (2.4) |
Cancer | 140 (13.1) | 149 (11.2) | 289 (12.0) | 695 (13.9) | 277 (12.6) | 269 (12.3) |
Metastatic cancer | 22 (2.1) | 27 (2.0) | 49 (2.0) | 85 (1.7) | 42 (1.9) | 45 (2.1) |
Diabetic retinopathy | 44 (4.1) | 142 (10.6) | 186 (7.7) | 452 (9.1) | 182 (8.3) | 167 (7.6) |
Diabetic nephropathy | 13 (1.2) | 50 (3.8) | 63 (2.6) | 370 (7.4) | 63 (2.9) | 63 (2.9) |
Hypertension | 389 (36.3) | 488 (36.6) | 877 (36.4) | 1,804 (36.1) | 795 (36.3) | 798 (36.4) |
Clinical obesity | 126 (11.7) | 188 (14.1) | 314 (13.0) | 454 (9.1) | 261 (11.9) | 259 (11.8) |
Alcoholism | 47 (4.4) | 40 (3.0) | 87 (3.6) | 403 (8.1) | 87 (4.0) | 100 (4.6) |
Diabetes duration > 5 years | 334 (31.1) | 939 (70.3) | 1,273 (52.9) | 2,440 (48.8) | 1,122 (51.2) | 1,149 (52.4) |
HbA1c level a | ||||||
< 6.50% | 329 (30.7) | 222 (16.6) | 551 (22.9) | 1,027 (20.6) | 484 (22.1) | 488 (22.3) |
6.50% to 6.99% | 214 (19.9) | 168 (12.6) | 382 (15.9) | 1,014 (20.3) | 379 (17.3) | 350 (16.0) |
7.00% to 7.99% | 230 (21.4) | 342 (25.6) | 572 (23.8) | 888 (17.8) | 481 (21.9) | 492 (22.5) |
≥ 8.00% | 112 (10.4) | 374 (28.0) | 486 (20.2) | 888 (17.8) | 436 (19.9) | 458 (20.9) |
Missing | 188 (17.5) | 229 (17.2) | 417 (17.3) | 1,179 (23.6) | 412 (18.8) | 404 (18.4) |
Concurrent drug use | ||||||
Low-dose aspirin | 447 (41.7) | 563 (42.2) | 1,010 (41.9) | 1,735 (34.7) | 874 (39.9) | 896 (40.9) |
Beta-blockers | 417 (38.9) | 554 (41.5) | 971 (40.3) | 1,888 (37.8) | 878 (40.1) | 895 (40.8) |
Statins | 674 (62.8) | 898 (67.3) | 1,572 (65.3) | 2,203 (44.1) | 1,354 (61.9) | 1,387 (63.3) |