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Table 5 Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses for outcomes in the initial nonshockable rhythm cohorta

From: Effects of prehospital epinephrine during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with initial non-shockable rhythm: an observational cohort study

Variables

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

 

Prehospital ROSC

One-month survival

One-month CPC score 1 or 2

Year

      

2009

Reference

Reference

Reference

2010

1.04

(0.99 to 1.09)

1.06

(0.99 to 1.12)

1.10

(0.98 to 1.23)

Mean age (yr)

      

≤39

1.12

(0.99 to 1.25)

1.53

(1.32 to 1.76)

2.53

(1.91 to 3.29)

40 to 59

1.37

(1.27 to 1.48)

1.57

(1.42 to 1.73)

2.84

(2.37 to 3.41)

60 to 79

1.26

(1.19 to 1.32)

1.50

(1.40 to 1.61)

2.12

(1.85 to 2.44)

≥80

Reference

Reference

Reference

Male

0.96

(0.92 to 1.01)

0.97

(0.91 to 1.03)

1.11

(0.98 to 1.25)

Witnessed arrest

2.23

(2.12 to 2.34)

2.48

(2.32 to 2.65)

2.37

(2.08 to 2.70)

Bystander CPR

1.09

(1.04 to 1.14)

1.00

(0.94 to 1.06)

0.95

(0.84 to 1.07)

Presumed cardiac cause

0.50

(0.48 to 0.52)

0.66

(0.62 to 0.70)

1.19

(1.06 to 1.34)

Initial cardiac rhythm

      

Pulseless electrical activity

3.72

(3.55 to 3.90)

3.61

(3.39 to 3.85)

6.05

(5.31 to 6.92)

Asystole

Reference

Reference

Reference

Prehospital actual shock delivery

1.22

(1.11 to 1.34)

1.68

(1.49 to 1.89)

2.60

(2.15 to 3.11)

Use of advanced airway management

0.94

(0.90 to 0.98)

0.96

(0.91 to 1.02)

0.55

(0.48 to 0.62)

Call-to-response time (min)

      

≤4

1.45

(1.28 to 1.66)

2.90

(2.33 to 3.65)

2.98

(1.95 to 4.81)

5 to 9

1.35

(1.20 to 1.52)

2.38

(1.93 to 2.98)

2.28

(1.52 to 3.64)

10 to 14

1.11

(0.98 to 1.27)

1.56

(1.24 to 1.98)

1.35

(0.87 to 2.22)

≥15

Reference

Reference

Reference

Pre-hospital epinephrine administrationb

      

No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Yes

< 9 min

8.83

(8.01 to 9.73)

1.78

(1.50 to 2.10)

0.95

(0.62 to 1.37)

 

10 to 19 min

6.18

(5.82 to 6.56)

1.29

(1.17 to 1.43)

0.63

(0.48 to 0.80)

 

≥20 min

4.32

(3.98 to 4.69)

0.79

(0.66 to 0.93)

0.49

(0.32 to 0.71)

  1. aCI, confidence interval; CPC, Cerebral Performance Categories; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; OR, odds ratio; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation. bIf pre-hospital epinephrine was received, variables were divided into three categories according to the time from the start of CPR by emergency medical services personnel to the first epinephrine administration (epinephrine administration time).
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