Effects of prehospital epinephrine during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with initial non-shockable rhythm: an observational cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of patients and contributing factors to one-month outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest^a

Characteristics	All patients		Adjusted OR (95% CI)
	(N = 209,577)		One-month survival		One-month CPC score 1 or 2
Year 2010	107,952	(51.5)	1.06	(1.01 to 1.11)	1.07	(1.00 to 1.15)
Mean age^b (yr)	74.0	(± 16.1)	0.24	(0.21 to 0.28)	0.97	(0.97 to 0.98)
Male	120,784	(57.6)	0.99	(0.94 to 1.04)	1.06	(0.97 to 1.15)
Witnessed arrest	74,788	(35.7)	3.34	(3.17 to 3.52)	3.31	(3.04 to 3.61)
Bystander CPR	95,672	(45.7)	1.14	(1.09 to 1.19)	1.31	(1.23 to 1.42)
Presumed cardiac cause	118,908	(56.7)	0.85	(0.81 to 0.90)	1.59	(1.45 to 1.75)
Shockable initial cardiac rhythm	15,492	(7.4)	4.59	(4.13 to 5.10)	5.46	(4.67 to 6.42)
Prehospital actual shock delivery	21,653	(10.3)	1.97	(1.77 to 2.18)	3.00	(2.55 to 3.53)
Use of advanced airway management	90,892	(43.3)	0.83	(0.79 to 0.87)	0.48	(0.44 to 0.52)
Call-to-response time,^b min	7.6	(± 3.8)	0.003	(0.001 to 0.004)	0.87	(0.86 to 0.88)
Call-to-hospital arrival time,^b min	32.8	(± 12.1)	0.45	(0.35 to 0.59)	1.00	(0.99 to 1.00)
Prehospital epinephrine administration	23,676	(11.3)	0.98	(0.92 to 1.05)	0.47	(0.42 to 0.54)

^aCPC, Cerebral Performance Categories; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Values are reported either as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Values were missing for 492 to 590 individuals across time variables. ^bAdjusted odds ratios are reported for unit odds.

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