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Table 1 ACEI, angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitor; AKI, acute kidney injury as defined per RIFLE criteria; BMI, body mass index; BSI, bloodstream infection; CMS, colistin methanesulfonate sodium; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CVC, central venous catheter; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Pts, patients; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score two (calculated 24 h after ICU admission); VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

From: Risk factors for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients receiving high intravenous doses of colistin methanesulfonate and/or other nephrotoxic antibiotics: a retrospective cohort study

VARIABLES

CMS

(n = 90)

CMS + NAs

(n = 57)

NAs

(n = 132)

Age (years)

57 (40 to 69)

54 (39 to 66)

67 (48 to 76) *

Female, n (%)

32 (35)

20 (35)

40 (30)

SAPS II

41 (32 to 54)

44 (30 to 54)

44 (35 to 55)

BMI, Kg/m2

25 (24 to 25)

24 (23.7 to 25)

24 (23 to 27)

ICU length of stay, (days)

28 (17 to 38)

33 (19 to 50)

15 (8 to 31) *

Albumin serum level <2 g/dL, n (%)

14 (15)

9 (16)

18 (14)

Total bilirubin serum level >5 mg/dL n (%)

7 (8)

4 (7)

11 (8)

NSAID n (%)

17 (19)

10 (18)

43 (33) ****

ACEI n (%)

15 (17)

3 (5)

16 (12)

  i.v. iodate contrast n (%)

35 (39)

14 (25)

45 (34)

Immunocompromised pts n (%)

13 (14)

8 (14) ***

38 (29) * *

Reason for ICU admission

   

  Sepsis, n (%)

41 (46)

20 (35)

56 (43)

  Neurological injury, n (%)

4 (4)

8 (14)

12 (9)

  Traumatic injury, n (%)

31 (34)

21 (37)

31 (23)

  Cardiovascular injury, n (%)

14 (16)

8 (14)

33 (25)

Comorbidity

   

  Hypertension, n (%)

14 (16)

12 (21)

28 (21)

  Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

2 (2)

2 (3.5)

9 (7)

  Congestive heart failure, n (%)

3 (3)

2 (3.5)

10 (7.5)

  Two or more comorbidities, n (%)

5 (5)

4 (7)

16 (12)

Site of infection

   

  VAP, n (%)

69 (77)

40 (70)

91 (69)

  CVC related-BSI, n (%)

18 (20)

13 (23)

31 (23)

  Other, n (%)

3 a (3)

4b (7)

10 c (7)

Complications occurring during ICU stay

   

  CRRT, n (%)

13 (14)

14 (24)

29 (22)

  AKI, n (%)

31 (34)

26 (45)

54 (41)

  Septic shock, n (%)

31 (34)

27 (47)

70 (53)

  ICU mortality, n (%)

31 (34)

21 (37)

64 (49)

  1. Other nephrotoxic antimicrobial included aminoglycosides and glycopeptides.
  2. (a) wound infection n = 2, abdominal abscess n = 1. (b) wound infection n = 1, abdominal abscess n = 1, urinary tract infection n = 2. (c) urinary infection n = 4, abdominal abscess n = 3, wound infection n = 1, meningitis n = 2. Values are given as the median (interquartile range).
  3. * P <0.01 NAs vs CMS and CMS/NAs; **P = 0.01 CMS vs NAs; *** P = 0.04 CMS/NAs vs NAs P = 0.03 ****