Table 1 Patients classified by Shock Index: demographics, injury mechanism and severities as well as outcome parameters
Group I (SI <0.6, no shock) | Group II (SI ≥0.6 to <1.0, mild shock) | Group III (SI ≥1.0 to <1.4, moderate shock) | Group IV (SI ≥1.4, severe shock) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
n (total, %) | 6,482 (29.7) | 12,097 (55.4) | 2,272 (10.4) | 1,002 (4.6) |
Male | 4,858 (74.9) | 8,782 (72.6) | 1,638 (72.1) | 727 (72.6) |
Age (years) | 50.3 ± 20.4 | 43.4 ± 19.3 | 43.2 ± 19.8 | 44.1 ± 19.2 |
Blunt trauma | 6,069 (96.0) | 11,151 (94.5) | 2,077 (92.4) | 918 (92.4) |
Injury severity | ||||
NISS (points) | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 25.1 ± 15.9 | 26.7 ± 16.0 | 35.7 ± 17.3 | 43.2 ± 17.5 |
Median (IQR) | 22 (14 to 34) | 24 (17 to 34) | 34 (22 to 48) | 41 (29 to 57) |
ISS (points) | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 19.3 ± 12.0 | 21.6 ± 13.3 | 29.7 ± 15.6 | 37.3 ± 16.8 |
Median (IQR) | 17 (10 to 25) | 20 (12 to 29) | 29 (18 to 38) | 34 (25 to 48) |
RISC (points) | 13.6 ± 21.3 | 12.4 ± 21.5 | 24.1 ± 29.9 | 38.8 ± 34.2 |
AIS head ≥3 points | 2,998 (45.9) | 4,903 (40.3) | 1,106 (48.3) | 522 (51.7) |
AIS thorax ≥3 points | 2,355 (36.1) | 5,410 (44.5) | 1,343 (58.6) | 703 (69.6) |
AIS abdomen ≥3 points | 495 (7.6) | 1,703 (14.0) | 621 (27.1) | 417 (41.3) |
AIS pelvis/extremities ≥3 points | 1,399 (21.4) | 3,869 (31.8) | 1,044 (45.6) | 581 (57.5) |
Outcome | ||||
Mortality | 712 (10.9) | 1179 (9.7) | 525 (22.9) | 402 (39.8) |
Hospital LOS (days) | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 17.1 ± 19.6 | 20.7 ± 22.2 | 26.1 ± 26.9 | 25.2 ± 30.4 |
Median (IQR) | 13 (5 to 22) | 15 (6 to 27) | 20 (6 to 37) | 18 (0 to 38) |
ICU (days) | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 7.5 ± 10.6 | 9.3 ± 12.1 | 14.0 ± 16.0 | 15.5 ± 18.9 |
Median (IQR) | 3 (1 to 10) | 4 (2 to 13) | 9 (3 to 21) | 10 (1 to 24) |
Ventilator days | ||||
Mean ± standard deviation | 4.8 ± 8.9 | 6.0 ± 10.1 | 9.8 ± 13.5 | 11.9 ± 16.1 |
Median (IQR) | 1 (1 to 5) | 1 (0 to 8) | 4 (1 to 14) | 6 (1 to 18) |
Multiple organ failure | 689 (12.5) | 1,567 (14.7) | 569 (28.0) | 309 (38.2) |
Sepsis | 353 (6.3) | 855 (7.9) | 296 (14.3) | 178 (21.6) |