Table 2 Breathing pattern, respiratory muscle output and continuous positive airway pressure level during spontaneous breathing at clinical and two physiological settings of continuous positive airway pressure in the total population.^a

Respiratory parameters

  f _R (breaths/min)

49 ± 14

44 ± 21

38 ± 16^b

36 ± 18

  T _I /T _TOT

0.5 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1^c

0.4 ± 0.1

Respiratory muscle output

  Poes swing (cmH₂O)

31 ± 15

21 ± 10^d

11 ± 5^b

14 ± 6

  Pdi swing (cmH₂O)

26 ± 8

20 ± 8^d

12 ± 6^b

15 ± 7

  Pgas swing (cmH₂O)

4 ± 2

3 ± 1

2 ± 1^c

2 ± 1

  Expiratory Pgas swing (cmH₂O)

4 ± 4

3 ± 5

1 ± 1

2 ± 2

  PTPoes/breath (cmH₂O/s)

12 ± 6

9 ± 6

6 ± 5^b

9 ± 9

  PTPdi/breath (cmH₂O/s)

11 ± 4

9 ± 6

6 ± 4^b

8 ± 6

  PTPoes/min (cmH₂O/s/min)

571 ± 340

359 ± 227

183 ± 119^e

244 ± 161

  PTPdi/min (cmH₂O/s/min)

452 ± 146

350 ± 164

201 ± 108^b

239 ± 173

  CPAP level (cmH₂O)

NA

8 ± 2

10 ± 2

11 ± 2