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Table 1 Patient characteristics grouped according to the highest RIFLE score attained

From: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in critically ill neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a 14-year cohort study

RIFLE classification

 

Non-AKI

Risk

Injury

Failure

 
 

n = 89 (36%)

n = 72 (30%)

n = 55 (23%)

n = 26 (11%)

 
 

Median

Median

Median

Median

 
 

(IQR)

(IQR)

(IQR)

(IQR)

P value*

Birth weight (kilograms)

3.3 (2.9-3.7)

3.4 (3.0-3.7)

3.3 (2.9-3.7)

3.0 (2.5-3.6)

0.242a

Apgar score

     

1 minute after birth

6 (3-8)

5 (3-7)

5 (3-7)

4 (1-7)

0.616a

5 minutes after birth

7 (5-9)

7 (5-8)

7 (5-8)

6 (5-8)

0.815a

10 minutes after birth

7 (6-8)

7 (6-8)

7 (4-8)

7 (6-8)

0.904a

Age at start of ECMO (hours)

44 (27-104)

36 (21-45)

38 (26-59)

38 (28-64)

0.004 a

ECMO duration (days)

4.9 (3.6-8.2)

6.4 (4.2-10.2)

5.7 (4.4-8.9)

7.8 (4.5-15.1)

0.012 a

Length of ICU stay (days)

8 (6-8.2)

11 (7-20.8)

10 (6-18)

14.5 (5.8-22.3)

0.178a

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

P value

Sex, female

41 (46%)

30 (42%)

25 (45%)

15 (58%)

0.576b

Diagnosis

    

0.155b

Meconium-aspiration syndrome^

40 (45%)

35 (49%)

22 (40%)

6 (23%)

 

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia^

22 (25%)

22 (30%)

13 (24%)

13 (50%)

 

Isolated PPHN

9 (10%)

8 (11%)

6 (11%)

3 (12%)

 

Other

18 (20%)

7 (10%)

14 (25%)

4 (15%)

 

Before ECMO

     

Vasopressor drugs

81 (91%)

70 (97%)

50 (91%)

24 (92%)

0.535b

Nitric oxide ventilation

80 (90%)

53 (74%)

27 (49%)

14 (54%)

<0.001 b

Perinatal asphyxia

48 (54%)

40 (56%)

39 (71%)

14 (54%)

0.142b

Cardiac arrest

5 (6%)

5 (7%)

14 (26%)

7 (27%)

<0.001 b

During ECMO

     

Major surgery

4 (4%)

4 (6%)

8 (15%)

2 (8%)

0.137b

Myocardial stunning

3 (3%)

4 (6%)

0 (0%)

1 (4%)

0.385b

Nonsurvivors

20 (22%)

13 (18%)

13 (24%)

17 (65%)

<0.001b

Early nonsurvivors

9 (45%)

4 (31%)

8 (62%)

9 (53%)

 

<24 hours after ECMO

     

Late nonsurvivors

11 (55%)

9 (69%)

5 (38%)

8 (47%)

 

≥24 hours after ECMO

     
  1. RIFLE categories Risk, Injury, and Failure were defined as SCr above 150%, 200%, and 300%, respectively, of the median of age-specific SCr reference values. Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range (IQR)), and categoric data are expressed as number (%). AKI, acute kidney injury; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension; RIFLE, Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease; SCr, serum creatinine. P values indicate overall comparison of all groups (that is, Non-AKI versus Risk versus Injury versus Failure). Intergroup differences were assessed by using either athe Kruskal-Wallis test or bthe Pearson χ2 test, as appropriate. ^ Majority of the patients had severe PPHN.